Table 1

Smoking prevalence predicted from tobacco source and access measures, multi-level modelling for 8th grade

Fixed effect	Regression coefficient	SE	t Ratio
Model for individuals (n = 5697)
Commercial sources	0.096	0.038	2.47*
Grey market sources	0.017	0.056	0.31
Social sources	0.607	0.031	18.99**
Stole from home	0.199	0.045	4.43**
Model for communities (n = 75)
Population smoking mean	0.127	0.008	14.86**
Year	−0.005	0.004	−1.14
Merchant sales rate (MSR)	0.020	0.018	1.11
Cross level effects
MSR → Commercial sources	−0.274	0.116	−2.36*
MSR → Grey market sources	0.060	0.143	0.43
MSR → Social sources	0.145	0.071	2.04*
MSR → Stole from home	−0.050	0.104	−0.48

Random effect	Variance component	SE	t Value
p<0.05; *p<0.01.
Community smoking means	0.001	0.000	2.87*
Commercial source slopes	0.020	0.010	2.00*
Grey market source slopes	0.059	0.020	2.97*
Social source slopes	0.036	0.009	3.89**
Stole from home slopes	0.065	0.017	3.75**
Individual students	0.043	0.001	51.71**