Demographic and smoking characteristics of the sample
| Smokers | Ex-smokers | |
|---|---|---|
| (n = 1000) | (n = 499) | |
| Data are presented as percentages or mean (SD). | ||
| *At time of cessation. | ||
| †Before cessation. | ||
| ‡Average concern about the health risks of smoking (that is, bronchitis and emphysema, heart disease, lung disease, and lung cancer). | ||
| NA, not applicable | ||
| % male | 53.1% | 54.7% |
| Age | 40.4 (14.0) | 44.5 (17.0) |
| Race | ||
| White | 78.3% | 81.7% |
| Black | 10.2% | 8.6% |
| Hispanic | 6.5% | 7.2% |
| Other | 5.1% | 2.6% |
| Education | ||
| ⩽High school | 51.9% | 36.2% |
| At least some college | 48.1% | 63.8% |
| Income | ||
| <$50000 | 46.1% | 34.1% |
| ⩾$50000 | 53.9% | 65.9% |
| Cigarettes per day | 18.9 (11.8) | 20.8 (14.5)* |
| Time to first cigarette of day | ||
| Within 5 minutes | 26.0% | NA |
| 6–30 minutes | 33.3% | |
| >30 minutes | 40.7% | |
| Type of cigarette | ||
| Regular | 44.5% | 56.6%† |
| Light | 40.4% | 34.1% |
| Ultra Light | 15.2% | 9.3% |
| Years smoking | 18.3 (12.8) | 14.5 (12.3)† |
| Stage of change | ||
| Precontemplation | 48.6% | NA |
| Contemplation | 32.9% | |
| Preparation | 18.5% | |
| Health concern‡ | 3.8 (1.2) | 3.6 (1.3) |