Relative risk (95% confidence interval) of death from all causes, ischaemic heart disease, all cancer, and lung cancer, per five years of smoking estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for age and number of cigarettes*
| Males | Females | |
|---|---|---|
| *Participants not reporting cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or treatment for hypertension, nor symptoms of angina pectoris and atherosclerosis obliterans. | ||
| All causes | 1.09 (1.06 to 1.12) | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.18) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) | 1.07 (0.96 to 1.19) |
| All cancer | 1.14 (1.09 to 1.20) | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.21) |
| Lung cancer | 1.29 (1.18 to 1.41) | 1.47 (1.26 to 1.71) |