Content of smokeless tobacco products tested in this study*
| Brand | Moisture % w/w | TSNA† μg/g | BaP ng/g | NDMA ng/g | Nitrite μg/g | Chromium mg/kg | Nickel mg/kg | Arsenic mg/kg | Lead mg/kg | Nicotine mg/g | Average pH | Free nicotine mg/g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *All figures are averages of two measurements except for pH which gives the average of three measurements. On average measurements agreed by less than 10%. | ||||||||||||
| †Total TSNA = total tobacco specific N-nitrosamines = NNK+NNN+NAB. | ||||||||||||
| BaP, benz(α)pyrene; NDMA, N-nitrosodimethylamine. | ||||||||||||
| UK purchased products | ||||||||||||
| Gutkha products | ||||||||||||
| Manikchard | 1.68 | 0.289 | 0.40 | ND | ND | 0.26 | 1.22 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 3.1 | 9.19 | 3.0 |
| Tulsi mix | 1.25 | 1.436 | 1.28 | ND | ND | 0.33 | 1.43 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 8.2 | 9.52 | 8.0 |
| Zarda products | ||||||||||||
| Hakim Pury | 4.91 | 29.705 | 0.32 | ND | ND | 2.15 | 5.35 | 0.29 | 1.36 | 42.7 | 6.00 | 0.4 |
| Dalal Misti Zarda | 8.96 | 1.574 | 8.89 | ND | ND | 0.87 | 2.09 | 0.11 | 1.14 | 8.6 | 6.15 | 0.1 |
| Baba Zarda (GP) | 7.88 | 0.716 | 2.04 | ND | ND | 2.34 | 5.88 | 0.24 | 1.18 | 48.4 | 5.32 | 0.1 |
| Tooth cleaning powder | ||||||||||||
| A. Quardir Gull | 3.35 | 5.117 | 5.98 | 7 | ND | 3.56 | 5.31 | 0.46 | 1.39 | 64.0 | 9.94 | 63.2 |
| Dried tobacco leaves | ||||||||||||
| Tobacco leaf | 5.16 | 0.223 | 0.11 | ND | ND | 2.34 | 4.37 | 0.20 | 1.06 | 83.5 | 5.52 | 0.3 |
| Products purchased outside UK | ||||||||||||
| Baba 120 (India) | 13.18 | 2.361 | 2.83 | ND | ND | 2.08 | 2.94 | 0.40 | 1.56 | 55.0 | 4.88 | 0.04 |
| Snus (Sweden) | 45.84 | 0.478 | 1.99 | ND | ND | 1.54 | 2.59 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 15.2 | 7.86 | 6.3 |
| Ariva (USA) | 2.40 | ND | 0.40 | ND | ND | 1.40 | 2.19 | 0.12 | 0.28 | 9.2 | 7.57 | 2.4 |
| Copenhagen (USA) | 48.10 | 3.509 | 19.33 | ND | 6.7 | 1.69 | 2.64 | 0.23 | 0.45 | 25.8 | 7.39 | 4.9 |
| Detection limits | 0.025 for each | 5 | 0.2 | |||||||||