Range of financial costs due to smoking
| Lower estimate | Costs (US$) | Upper estimate | Costs (US$) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Source: Van Tuinen and Land.11 | ||||
| †Source: Tsai et al.25 | ||||
| ‡Alternative data are not available. | ||||
| ETS, environmental tobacco smoke; RR, relative risk. | ||||
| % Excess absence (smokers) | 23%* | $136688311 | 83%† | $384510305 |
| % Excess absence (ETS) | 27%‡ | $80781796 | 27%‡ | $80781796 |
| Workplace injuries (RR) | 2.448 | $33500018 | 2.464 | $33704907 |
| Estimated smoking breaks (min/cig) | 4 | $488591812 | 8 | $977183624 |
| Total | $739561937 | $1476180632 | ||