Changes in sumscore* of five respiratory symptoms among workers in the hospitality business, before and after the enaction of a public smoking ban. Separate analyses of variance with repeated measures for each independent variable
| n | Baseline sumscore | Follow-up sumscore | Difference | p Value (within subjects)† | p Value (between subjects) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *The sumscore is based on a graded response regarding degrees of having five respiratory symptoms. | ||||||
| †Interaction between within subjects effects and predictors, without control for other predictors. | ||||||
| Sex | 0.613 | 0.133 | ||||
| Women | 439 | 1.67 | 1.57 | 0.11 | ||
| Men | 422 | 1.76 | 1.63 | 0.13 | ||
| Age | 0.712 | 0.236 | ||||
| 15–29 | 325 | 1.76 | 1.65 | 0.11 | ||
| 30–39 | 259 | 1.69 | 1.59 | 0.10 | ||
| 40+ | 277 | 1.69 | 1.54 | 0.15 | ||
| Educational level | 0.281 | 0.540 | ||||
| Primary | 146 | 1.66 | 1.55 | 0.11 | ||
| Secondary | 481 | 1.75 | 1.60 | 0.15 | ||
| University | 234 | 1.68 | 1.62 | 0.06 | ||
| Personal smoking habits | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-smokers | 327 | 1.44 | 1.29 | 0.15 | ||
| Smokers | 458 | 1.91 | 1.85 | 0.06 | ||
| Quitters | 48 | 1.85 | 1.30 | 0.55 | ||
| Starters | 28 | 1.56 | 1.53 | 0.03 | ||
| Percentage of guests who usually smoked before ban | 0.599 | 0.002 | ||||
| Less than 50% | 230 | 1.58 | 1.48 | 0.10 | ||
| 50% or more | 626 | 1.77 | 1.64 | 0.13 | ||
| Time spent in an exposed environment | 0.387 | 0.011 | ||||
| No degree | 24 | 1.51 | 1.32 | 0.19 | ||
| Small degree | 161 | 1.61 | 1.57 | 0.04 | ||
| Some degree | 183 | 1.62 | 1.52 | 0.10 | ||
| Large degree | 492 | 1.80 | 1.65 | 0.15 | ||
| Personal attitude towards ban before ban | 0.001 | 0.004 | ||||
| Negative | 246 | 1.78 | 1.78 | 0.00 | ||
| Neutral | 187 | 1.67 | 1.62 | 0.06 | ||
| Positive | 427 | 1.70 | 1.48 | 0.21 | ||
| Total (main effect) | 861 | 1.72 | 1.60 | 0.12 | <0.001 | |