Policy | Description | Potential percentage effect* |
Tax policy | ||
Most recent price | Actual prices, price per pack of most widely smoked cigarettes or an average price (weighted by amount smoked of major brands) | Through price elasticity: |
−0.4 ages 10–24−0.2 ages 25–34−0.2 ages 35 and above | ||
Clean air policies | ||
Workplace total ban | Ban in all areas | 3% with variations by age and gender |
Workplace partial ban, requiring ventilation | Smoking restricted to ventilated areas in all indoor workplaces | 2% with variations by age and gender |
Workplace partial ban limited to common areas | Smoking limited to non-ventilated common area | 1% with variations by age and gender |
Restaurant total ban | Ban in all indoor restaurants in all areas | 1% effect |
Restaurant partial ban | Ban in all restaurants except in designated areas | 0.5% effect |
Other place bans | Ban in three of four locations (malls, retail stores, public transportation and elevators) | 1% effect |
Enforcement and publicity | Government agency is designated to enforce and publicise the laws | 1% effect |
Mass media campaigns | ||
Highly publicised media campaign | Campaign publicised heavily on TV (at least 2 months of the year) and at least some other media | 6% effect |
Moderately publicised media campaign | Campaign publicised sporadically on TV and in at least some other media, and a local program | 3.6% effect |
Low publicity media campaign | Campaign publicised only sporadically in newspaper, billboard or some other media. | 1.2% effect |
Advertising bans | ||
Comprehensive advertising ban | Ban is applied to television, radio, print, billboard, in-store displays, sponsorships and free samples | 6% reduction in prevalence, 8% reduction in initiation, 3% increase in cessation rates |
Enforcement | Government agency is designated to enforce the laws | 2% additional effect on prevalence and initiation rates |
Warning labels | ||
Weak | Laws cover less than 1/3 of package, not bold or graphic | 1% reduction in prevalence and initiation rates, 2% increase in cessation rates |
Strong | Labels are large, bold and graphic | 2% reduction in prevalence |
2% reduction in initiation | ||
4% increase in cessation rates |
*Unless otherwise specified, the same percentage effect is applied as a percentage reduction in the prevalence and initiation rate and a percentage increase in the cessation rate, and is applied to all ages and genders. The effects are described further in the references cited throughout the text.