Baseline characteristics of participants by intervention arm (n = 587)
| Usual care n = 76 | TI n = 146 | TM n = 144 | TI+TM n = 221 | p Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FTND, Fagerström test for nicotine dependence | |||||
| Values are n (%). | |||||
| TI, training+incentive; TM, training+medication. | |||||
| *Derived from the Mantel–Haenszel χ2 statistic. | |||||
| †Score of the FTND. | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 38 (50) | 74 (51) | 71 (49) | 121 (55) | 0.73 |
| Age (years) | |||||
| <45 | 30 (39) | 55 (38) | 59 (41) | 95 (43) | |
| 45–54 | 24 (32) | 63 (43) | 44 (31) | 86 (39) | |
| ⩾55 | 22 (29) | 28 (19) | 41 (28) | 40 (18) | 0.16 |
| Nationality | |||||
| German | 67 (92) | 131 (91) | 127 (90) | 188 (88) | 0.70 |
| School education (years) | |||||
| <10 | 47 (64) | 77 (57) | 81 (58) | 118 (55) | |
| 10–11 | 17 (23) | 37 (27) | 30 (22) | 48 (22) | |
| 12–13 | 9 (12) | 22 (16) | 28 (20) | 48 (22) | 0.46 |
| Family status | |||||
| Married or registered partnership | 45 (63) | 93 (67) | 93 (67) | 137 (64) | 0.84 |
| Cigarette consumption per day | |||||
| 10–19 | 16 (23) | 42 (29) | 35 (26) | 55 (26) | |
| 20–29 | 28 (39) | 67 (47) | 48 (35) | 84 (40) | |
| ⩾30 | 27 (38) | 35 (24) | 53 (39) | 73 (34) | 0.21 |
| Nicotine dependence (FTND)† | |||||
| Minimal (0–3) | 13 (20) | 33 (24) | 30 (24) | 32 (17) | |
| Moderate (4–6) | 32 (50) | 72 (53) | 52 (42) | 105 (56) | |
| Strong (7–10) | 19 (30) | 30 (22) | 42 (34) | 50 (27) | 0.17 |
| Stage of change for smoking cessation | |||||
| Pre-contemplation | 28 (39) | 64 (44) | 25 (18) | 32 (15) | |
| Contemplation | 39 (54) | 70 (48) | 101 (72) | 139 (65) | |
| Preparation | 5 (7) | 11 (8) | 15 (11) | 42 (20) | <0.001 |