Table 2

 Levels of ultrafine particulate matter (UFP, pt/cm3) measured inside and outside hospitality venues before and after the smoking ban in Rome

UFP (n obs)Mean95% CIGeometricmean95% CIMann-Whitneytest
Bars
    Pre-law (14)60 99837 896 to 84 09948 9183223 to 74 032
    Post-law I (13)28 73718 919 to 38 55424 03616 043 to 36 013p<0.02
    Post-law II (15)51 06931 850 to 70 28738 42322 689 to 65 067p<0.03
Fast food restaurants
    Pre-law (7)42 07819 241 to 64 91434 73417 698 to 68 167
    Post-law I (6)33 31421 843 to 44 78631 50220 945 to 47 380p<0.39
    Post-law II (5)22 3336422 to 38 24419 70010 118 to 38 747p<0.72
Restaurants
    Pre-law (12)81 78750 600 to 112 97367 08042 271 to 106 450
    Post-law I (8)32 57516 605 to 48 54428 25617 357 to 45 998p<0.01
    Post-law II (8)55 05030 072 to 80 02746 59126 467 to 82 014p<0.01
Video game parlours
    Pre-law (8)53 86133 296 to 74 42548 01330 405 to 75 819
    Post-law I (8)33 14811 021 to 55 27425 34413 328 to 48 193p<0.05
    Post-law II (9)37 58719 523 to 55 65030 36316 984 to 54 279p<0.05
Pubs
    Pre-law (6)176 01297 836 to 254 188163 433104 914 to 254 592
    Post-law I (6)76 99818 631 to 172 62850 67619 205 to 133 720p<0.02
    Post-law II (6)94 5859488 to 188 22057 36316 882 to 194 905p<0.023
All venues
    Pre-law (47)76 95659 723 to 65 35458 59046 615 to 73 642
    Post-law I (41)38 07925 499 to 50 65829 08523 341 to 36 242p<0.0001
    Post-law II (43)51 69238 030 to 65 35437 34428 724 to 65 354p<0.01
Outdoors
    Pre-law (11)35 71321 381 to 50 04528 79317 352 to 47 779
    Post-law I (11)16 96310 137 to 23 79014 96110 648 to 21 023p<0.05
    Post-law II (8)40 20520 236 to 60 17434 31120 325 to 57 920p<0.6