Table 3 Trials of different standard or population targeted self help materials for quitline callers

Study/country	Population (follow-up rate)	Intervention(s)	Control	Criteria for cessation
Cummings et al, 198819 United States	1534* callers to hotline in New York	One of 4 booklets varied by format and instructions	Control booklet, no specific quitting advice	Quit at 6 months (sustained for 5 months)
Davis et al, 199220 United States	630* women with young children calling Cancer Information Service	(1) “Quitting Times” tailored for target population.(2) “Freedom from Smoking for You and Your Family”	Clearing the Air (National Cancer Institute Guide)	Quit at 6 months (for at least 1 week)
Smith et al, 200413 Canada	632 callers to a Canadian quitline (73% print only, 62% call-backs at 12 months)	Intensive self help—44 page booklet “One Step at a Time” versions for men and women (factorial design with call-back conditions)	Minimal self help single page pamphlet	Quit at 12 months (sustained)