Adjusted RR* (95% CI) for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality for quitting from smoking (former smokers compared with current smokers) of clients in Elderly Health Centres in Hong Kong after excluding 244 deaths, people who died within 6 months after the first enrolment
| Cause of death | Men† | Women† | Total‡ |
|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |
| *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. | |||
| †Adjusted for age, education, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, active chronic diseases: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, COPD/asthma, hypercholesterolaemia, cerebrovascular accident, regular medication, admission to hospital, monthly personal expenditure, regular contact with relatives, unintentional weight loss in the past 6 months, body mass index, self-rated health, functional disability and depressive symptoms. | |||
| ‡Adjusted for sex and all variables above. | |||
| Malignant neoplasm | |||
| Lung cancer | 0.52*** (0.39 to 0.69) | 0.87 (0.53 to 1.45) | 0.58*** (0.46 to 0.75) |
| All cancers | 0.66*** (0.55 to 0.79) | 0.91 (0.63 to 1.31) | 0.70*** (0.59 to 0.82) |
| Cardiovascular disease | |||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 0.77 (0.50 to 1.17) | 1.00 (0.48 to 2.11) | 0.82 (0.57 to 1.18) |
| Stroke | 0.61* (0.39 to 0.93) | 0.80 (0.38 to 1.70) | 0.68* (0.47 to 0.98) |
| All cardiovascular disease | 0.79 (0.61 to 1.03) | 0.91 (0.58 to 1.43) | 0.82 (0.66 to 1.03) |
| Respiratory disease | |||
| COPD | 1.42 (0.90 to 2.24) | 1.65 (0.74 to 3.69) | 1.43 (0.97 to 2.12) |
| All respiratory | 1.21 (0.88 to 1.66) | 1.66 (0.88 to 3.12) | 1.30 (0.99 to 1.72) |
| All causes | 0.80*** (0.71 to 0.90) | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.37) | 0.85** (0.76 to 0.95) |