| Year | Country | Currently smoked cigarettes | Currently used tobacco products other than cigarettes | ||||
| Total % (95% CI) | Male % (95% CI) | Female % (95% CI) | Total % (95% CI) | Male % (95% CI) | Female % (95% CI) | ||
| Dental students | |||||||
| 2005 | Albania | 30.1 (23.2 to 38.1) | 38.0 (24.9 to 53.1) | 27.1 (19.4 to 36.6) | 2.2 (0.0 to 6.0) | 7.0 (0.0 to 18.0) | 0.0 |
| 2006 | Armenia | 28.6 (23.7 to 34.1) | 61.5 (52.3 to 70.0) | 7.3 (4.3 to 12.2) | 3.9 (2.2 to 6.8) | 8.6 (4.7 to 15.4) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.6) |
| 2005 | Bangladesh | 22.2 (18.2 to 26.8) | 46.7 (39.0 to 54.7) | 3.3 (1.6 to 6.7) | 3.9 (2.4 to 6.5) | 7.8 (4.6 to 13.1) | 0.9 (0.2 to 3.8) |
| 2006 | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation | 40.0 (37.0 to 43.1) | 40.7 (36.0 to 45.7) | 39.5 (35.8 to 43.4) | 4.8 (3.6 to 6.4) | 5.3 (3.2 to 8.6) | 4.5 (3.2 to 6.5) |
| 2006 | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Srpska | 33.2 (31.2 to 35.3) | 27.8 (24.3 to 31.6) | 35.5 (33.0 to 38.0) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) | 0.0 | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.3) |
| 2006 | Czech Republic | 32.5 (31.1 to 33.9) | 29.4 (26.9 to 31.9) | 34.4 (32.7 to 36.2) | 12.0 (11.0 to 13.0) | 20.8 (18.6 to 23.1) | 7.6 (6.7 to 8.7) |
| 2005 | India | 9.6 (6.7 to 13.6) | 14.9 (10.7 to 20.4) | 2.4 (0.8 to 6.9) | 3.7 (1.7 to 8.1) | 5.2 (1.9 to 13.1) | 1.7 (0.6 to 4.8) |
| 2005 | Iraq, Kurdistan Region | 11.1 (8.7 to 14.0) | 20.6 (14.5 to 28.5) | 8.2 (5.9 to 11.2) | 3.2 (2.0 to 5.0) | 6.6 (3.5 to 12.3) | 2.1 (1.1 to 4.0) |
| 2006 | Lebanon | 31.6 (24.4 to 39.7) | 34.8 (23.2 to 48.7) | 30.0 (21.4 to 40.3) | 37.3 (30.1 to 45.1) | 30.6 (21.0 to 42.4) | 40.5 (31.2 to 50.6) |
| 2006 | Lithuania | 29.6 (23.6 to 36.5) | 61.7 (44.7 to 76.3) | 22.9 (17.0 to 30.1) | 21.9 (16.6 to 28.3) | 70.3 (53.3 to 83.1) | 11.7 (7.5 to 17.7) |
| 2006 | Myanmar | 21.7 (19.9 to 23.7) | 31.1 (28.5 to 33.8) | 4.1 (2.8 to 5.9) | 13.3 (11.8 to 14.9) | 18.8 (16.7 to 21.1) | 2.1 (1.2 to 3.5) |
| 2005 | Nepal | 17.4 (14.6 to 20.7) | 41.3 (33.9 to 49.2) | 7.7 (5.5 to 10.7) | 19.1 (16.2 to 22.4) | 44.4 (37.2 to 51.8) | 6.4 (4.4 to 9.3) |
| 2006 | Republic of Serbia | 27.6 (24.7 to 30.8) | 24.4 (20.7 to 28.6) | 31.0 (26.3 to 36.2) | 17.2 (14.8 to 20.0) | 16.6 (13.4 to 20.4) | 17.3 (13.6 to 21.7) |
| 2006 | Russian Federation, European Region | 43.5 (42.0 to 45.1) | 53.1 (50.5 to 55.6) | 37.9 (36.0 to 39.8) | 11.9 (10.9 to 13.0) | 22.4 (20.3 to 24.7) | 5.7 (4.9 to 6.7) |
| 2006 | Slovakia* | 28.6 | 21.4 | 32.1 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 7.1 |
| 2006 | Syrian Arab Republic | 23.7 (22.3 to 25.2) | 33.4 (31.5 to 35.5) | 8.0 (6.6 to 9.6) | 29.2 (27.7 to 30.7) | 38.7 (36.7 to 40.8) | 13.6 (11.9 to 15.6) |
| 2006 | Thailand | 3.8 (3.5 to 4.2) | 10.4 (9.5 to 11.5) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.0 |
| 2007 | Tunisia | 13.2 (9.9 to 17.4) | 33.3 (22.8 to 45.9) | 8.3 (5.5 to 12.5) | 16.7 (13.0 to 21.1) | 44.4 (33.3 to 56.2) | 8.2 (5.4 to 12.4) |
| Medical students | |||||||
| 2005 | Albania | 43.3 (40.7 to 45.9) | 65.1 (59.8 to 69.9) | 35.7 (32.8 to 38.7) | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.2) | 3.1 (0.8 to 5.4) | 1.0 (0.2 to 1.8) |
| 2005 | Argentina, Buenos Aires | 35.5 (33.6 to 37.4) | 33.4 (30.4 to 36.4) | 36.5 (34.1 to 39.1) | 6.4 (5.4 to 7.4) | 9.2 (7.5 to 11.3) | 4.5 (3.5 to 5.7) |
| 2006 | Armenia | 19.8 (15.7 to 24.5) | 53.4 (42.9 to 63.5) | 7.7 (4.9 to 12.1) | 2.9 (1.6 to 5.3) | 9.3 (4.9 to 17.2) | 0.7 (0.1 to 2.8) |
| 2006 | Bangladesh | 27.5 (21.3 to 34.7) | 46.7 (38.0 to 55.6) | 4.6 (1.4 to 13.8) | 12.2 (4.5 to 28.8) | 13.9 (4.1 to 37.8) | 9.9 (4.6 to 20.0) |
| 2006 | Bolivia | 41.2 (35.4 to 47.2) | 50.2 (43.7 to 56.7) | 31.9 (25.1 to 39.6) | 10.6 (8.7 to 12.8) | 14.3 (11.1 to 18.4) | 6.7 (5.0 to 9.0) |
| 2006 | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation | 47.0 (45.2 to 48.8) | 56.4 (53.5 to 59.2) | 41.0 (38.8 to 43.3) | 12.7 (11.6 to 14.0) | 13.6 (11.7 to 15.7) | 12.2 (10.8 to 13.8) |
| 2006 | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Srpska | 32.1 (31.0 to 33.3) | 26.9 (25.0 to 28.9) | 34.4 (33.0 to 35.9) | 3.6 (3.1 to 4.0) | 6.7 (5.7 to 7.9) | 2.2 (1.8 to 2.6) |
| 2006 | Brazil, Rio de Janeiro | 16.8 (15.6 to 18.1) | 19.7 (17.8 to 21.8) | 14.4 (12.9 to 16.0) | 5.3 (4.6 to 6.1) | 7.4 (6.2 to 8.8) | 3.4 (2.7 to 4.2) |
| 2005 | Croatia | 36.6 (34.1 to 39.2) | 35.9 (31.5 to 40.4) | 37.1 (34.1 to 40.3) | 10.7 (9.2 to 12.4) | 20.2 (16.8 to 24.2) | 6.3 (5.0 to 8.0) |
| 2006 | Czech Republic | 21.6 (19.4 to 23.9) | 26.0 (21.8 to 30.7) | 19.8 (17.3 to 22.5) | 7.5 (6.2 to 9.0) | 11.0 (8.3 to 14.6) | 5.8 (4.5 to 7.6) |
| 2005 | Egypt | 7.9 (5.7 to 10.7) | 12.9 (9.9 to 16.5) | 1.2 (0.5 to 3.0) | 7.4 (5.4 to 9.9) | 11.9 (9.2 to 15.1) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.3) |
| 2006 | Ghana | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.8) | 2.2 (1.0 to 4.7) | 0.0 | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.6) | 0.0 | 1.5 (0.5 to 4.5) |
| 2005 | India | 11.6 (8.7 to 15.2) | 17.6 (14.5 to 21.3) | 2.0 (0.9 to 4.2) | 5.4 (3.5 to 8.3) | 7.5 (5.2 to 10.6) | 2.2 (0.8 to 6.4) |
| 2006 | Indonesia | 9.3 (6.6 to 12.8) | 21.1 (15.9 to 27.6) | 2.3 (1.2 to 4.2) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.6) | 2.6 (1.1 to 6.1) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.5) |
| 2005 | Iraq, Kurdistan Region | 18.1 (16.0 to 20.3) | 20.8 (17.7 to 24.2) | 15.8 (13.2 to 18.7) | 8.4 (7.0 to 10.1) | 5.4 (3.9 to 7.6) | 11.0 (8.8 to 13.5) |
| 2006 | Lebanon | 27.4 (24.3 to 30.7) | 35.9 (31.5 to 40.6) | 15.9 (12.3 to 20.3) | 20.6 (17.8 to 23.6) | 22.0 (18.3 to 26.2) | 18.6 (14.8 to 23.1) |
| 2006 | Lithuania | 27.6 (24.0 to 31.4) | 48.6 (40.2 to 57.1) | 19.2 (15.7 to 23.2) | 14.3 (11.7 to 17.4) | 32.4 (25.0 to 40.8) | 7.9 (5.8 to 10.6) |
| 2006 | Myanmar | 12.6 (12.0 to 13.2) | 24.8 (23.7 to 26.0) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.7) | 11.3 (10.8 to 11.9) | 20.1 (19.1 to 21.2) | 3.0 (2.6 to 3.4) |
| 2005 | Nepal | 23.7 (9.7 to 47.3) | 34.1 (13.3 to 63.6) | 5.4 (1.4 to 18.2) | 15.0 (7.1 to 29.0) | 19.7 (7.0 to 44.5) | 6.1 (1.8 to 18.9) |
| 2006 | Peru | 25.6 (23.1 to 28.3) | 41.8 (34.3 to 49.8) | 22.1 (19.3 to 25.2) | 5.5 (3.4 to 8.8) | 9.6 (4.7 to 18.6) | 4.2 (2.6 to 6.8) |
| 2006 | Republic of Serbia | 34.7 (33.3 to 36.2) | 31.7 (29.2 to 34.2) | 36.5 (34.7 to 38.3) | 18.1 (16.9 to 19.3) | 17.9 (15.9 to 20.0) | 18.3 (16.9 to 19.8) |
| 2006 | Russian Federation, European Region | 38.9 (37.8 to 40.0) | 46.1 (44.1 to 48.0) | 34.9 (33.6 to 36.2) | 10.9 (10.2 to 11.6) | 19.2 (17.7 to 20.8) | 6.4 (5.8 to 7.1) |
| 2006 | Saudi Arabia | 11.7 (10.2 to 13.4) | 13.4 (11.4 to 15.6) | 8.4 (6.2 to 11.4) | 13.6 (12.0 to 15.5) | 15.3 (13.2 to 17.6) | 10.4 (7.9 to 13.7) |
| 2006 | Slovakia | 30.4 (29.1 to 31.7) | 36.2 (33.6 to 38.8) | 27.8 (26.3 to 29.3) | 6.3 (5.6 to 7.0) | 8.5 (7.1 to 10.2) | 5.5 (4.7 to 6.3) |
| 2006 | Sri Lanka | 4.2 (3.5 to 5.0) | 8.9 (7.2 to 10.8) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.8) | 3.9 (3.2 to 4.7) | 7.6 (6.1 to 9.4) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.1) |
| 2006 | Syrian Arab Republic | 17.0 (16.4 to 17.7) | 24.7 (23.7 to 25.6) | 4.7 (4.2 to 5.4) | 23.6 (22.9 to 24.4) | 30.7 (29.7 to 31.7) | 12.3 (11.4 to 13.2) |
| 2007 | Tunisia | 11.1 (9.9 to 12.4) | 27.8 (24.3 to 31.6) | 5.2 (4.2 to 6.4) | 8.8 (7.7 to 10.0) | 23.0 (19.8 to 26.5) | 3.6 (2.8 to 4.7) |
| 2005 | Uganda | 2.8 (1.8 to 4.2) | 4.1 (2.7 to 6.3) | 0.0 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.8) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.6) | 0.0 |
| 2007 | Vietnam | 11.2 (10.6 to 11.7) | 20.7 (19.7 to 21.7) | 2.7 (2.4 to 3.2) | 3.3 (3.0 to 3.7) | 5.1 (4.6 to 5.7) | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.0) |
| Nursing students | |||||||
| 2005 | Albania | 41.5 (37.9 to 45.1) | 57.5 (49.8 to 64.8) | 36.4 (32.5 to 40.5) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.4) | 2.1 (0.9 to 4.7) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.3) |
| 2006 | Bolivia | 21.5 (9.0 to 43.2) | 36.8 (13.3 to 68.8) | 19.7 (9.4 to 36.6) | 9.3 (1.2 to 47.3) | 14.9 (3.1 to 48.6) | 8.6 (1.0 to 46.2) |
| 2005 | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation | 33.0 (28.8 to 37.6) | 27.3 (21.1 to 34.5) | 34.8 (29.8 to 40.2) | 5.5 (4.1 to 7.4) | 6.9 (3.8 to 12.2) | 5.1 (3.4 to 7.4) |
| 2006 | Brazil, Rio de Janeiro | 12.8 (8.7 to 18.3) | 11.1 (4.4 to 25.3) | 13.1 (9.0 to 18.7) | 4.2 (2.1 to 8.2) | 4.6 (1.0 to 19.0) | 4.0 (1.7 to 9.0) |
| 2006 | Czech Republic | 32.7 (29.7 to 35.8) | * | 33.2 (30.1 to 36.5) | 4.3 (3.2 to 5.9) | * | 4.3 (3.1 to 5.9) |
| 2006 | Ghana | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.7) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.5) | 0.0 | 1.9 (1.0 to 3.4) |
| 2005 | Iraq, Kurdistan Region | 20.2 (0.1 to 99.1) | 31.8 (0.1 to 99.4) | 10.7 (0.3 to 83.6) | 5.4 (2.5 to 11.6) | 7.9 (0.0 to 99.6) | 3.5 (0.0 to 100.0) |
| 2006 | Lebanon | 26.9 (24.2 to 29.7) | 43.0 (37.1 to 49.1) | 21.5 (18.7 to 24.7) | 44.9 (41.8 to 48.0) | 54.3 (48.3 to 60.1) | 41.6 (38.1 to 45.2) |
| 2006 | Lithuania | 35.7 (33.0 to 38.6) | 34.8 (26.9 to 43.7) | 35.8 (32.9 to 38.8) | 6.9 (5.6 to 8.6) | 10.0 (5.8 to 16.6) | 6.7 (5.3 to 8.4) |
| 2006 | Peru | 33.8 (29.6 to 38.3) | 43.7 (36.1 to 51.7) | 23.3 (18.3 to 29.1) | 7.2 (4.4 to 11.5) | 9.5 (6.0 to 14.9) | 3.8 (1.8 to 7.9) |
| 2006 | Republic of Korea | 4.0 (2.5 to 6.3) | 9.5 (3.0 to 26.6) | 3.6 (2.3 to 5.6) | 3.1 (1.3 to 7.4) | 14.2 (4.2 to 38.4) | 2.2 (1.0 to 4.8) |
| 2006 | Republic of Serbia | 34.2 (27.7 to 41.3) | 33.6 (23.6 to 45.3) | 34.1 (28.1 to 40.7) | 10.0 (6.6 to 14.8) | 13.0 (8.6 to 19.2) | 9.3 (6.1 to 14.1) |
| 2006 | Slovakia | 32.6 (31.2 to 34.1) | 41.8 (35.4 to 48.6) | 32.0 (30.6 to 33.5) | 4.7 (4.1 to 5.4) | 15.0 (10.7 to 20.5) | 3.9 (3.3 to 4.5) |
| 2006 | Sri Lanka | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 7.6 (5.3 to 10.7) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5) | 2.8 (2.3 to 3.3) | 17.9 (14.3 to 22.1) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) |
| 2006 | Syrian Arab Republic | 19.2 (18.6 to 19.8) | 49.6 (48.3 to 51.0) | 7.0 (6.5 to 7.4) | 18.9 (18.3 to 19.5) | 32.4 (31.2 to 33.7) | 13.4 (12.8 to 13.9) |
| 2006 | Thailand | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.4) | 9.6 (4.3 to 20.2) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.9) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6) | 4.2 (1.1 to 15.0) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.5) |
| 2007 | Tunisia | 28.3 (25.7 to 31.1) | 60.1 (54.2 to 65.8) | 14.9 (12.6 to 17.7) | 20.4 (18.1 to 22.9) | 38.1 (32.7 to 43.7) | 12.1 (9.9 to 14.7) |
| 2005 | Uganda | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.9) | 3.3 (1.9 to 5.6) | 0.0 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.5) | 0.0 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) |
| Pharmacy students | |||||||
| 2005 | Albania | 47.1 (42.8 to 51.4) | 65.8 (58.0 to 72.9) | 38.9 (34.1 to 44.0) | 1.9 (0.5 to 3.3) | 0.0 | 2.6 (0.8 to 4.4) |
| 2006 | Armenia | 19.1 (16.6 to 22.0) | 55.5 (49.0 to 61.8) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.5) | 4.3 (3.2 to 5.8) | 6.3 (3.9 to 10.1) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.5) |
| 2006 | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation | 29.5 (27.7 to 31.4) | 26.7 (22.1 to 31.8) | 30.0 (28.0 to 32.1) | 9.7 (8.5 to 11.0) | 6.7 (4.4 to 10.0) | 10.2 (8.9 to 11.7) |
| 2006 | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Srpska | 28.9 (27.8 to 30.0) | * | 30.1 (29.0 to 31.3) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.5) | * | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) |
| 2006 | Ghana | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.7) | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.2) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2005 | Iraq, Kurdistan Region | 10.6 (5.5 to 19.3) | 30.0 (16.2 to 48.7) | 0.0 | 1.1 (0.2 to 7.8) | 3.1 (0.4 to 19.7) | 0.0 |
| 2006 | Lebanon | 14.8 (12.2 to 17.8) | 23.8 (17.5 to 31.4) | 12.0 (9.4 to 15.2) | 21.5 (18.4 to 24.9) | 21.8 (15.7 to 29.3) | 21.4 (17.9 to 25.4) |
| 2006 | Myanmar | 2.7 (2.1 to 3.5) | * | 2.5 (1.9 to 3.2) | 4.1 (3.3 to 5.1) | * | 4.2 (3.4 to 5.2) |
| 2006 | Peru | 33.6 (31.7 to 35.5) | 50.3 (47.1 to 53.5) | 22.4 (20.3 to 24.7) | 8.5 (7.4 to 9.6) | 14.4 (12.3 to 16.8) | 4.4 (3.4 to 5.5) |
| 2005 | Philippines | 22.1 (16.8 to 28.5) | 37.8 (26.5 to 50.5) | 18.1 (12.8 to 24.9) | 3.0 (1.8 to 5.2) | 1.7 (0.4 to 6.2) | 3.4 (1.8 to 6.3) |
| 2006 | Republic of Serbia | 29.5 (26.7 to 32.4) | 23.0 (18.2 to 28.6) | 31.9 (28.7 to 35.4) | 15.2 (13.1 to 17.5) | 11.6 (8.2 to 16.3) | 16.3 (13.8 to 19.1) |
| 2006 | Russian Federation, European Region | 42.9 (38.1-47.9) | 66.7 (55.4 to 76.3) | 37.1 (31.9 to 42.6) | 12.2 (9.3 to 15.9) | 33.3 (23.7 to 44.6) | 7.0 (4.7 to 10.4) |
| 2006 | Slovakia† | 34.6 | 31.8 | 35.2 | 10.6 | 11.4 | 10.5 |
| 2006 | Syrian Arab Republic | 12.9 (12.1 to 13.7) | 33.5 (31.4 to 35.7) | 4.0 (3.5 to 4.6) | 20.7 (19.7 to 21.7) | 32.6 (30.5 to 34.8) | 15.6 (14.5 to 16.7) |
| 2006 | Thailand | 2.2 (1.9 to 2.6) | 8.2 (7.0 to 9.5) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.3) | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.8) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.7) |
*<10 cases in the denominator.
†No confidence intervals were reported because the survey was conducted of a census of students and achieved a 100% response rate.