Physiological effects |
Plasma nicotine* | 48.5 | <0.001 | 44.6 | <0.001 | 56.6 | <0.001 | 10.3 | <0.001 | 47.6 | <0.001 | 3.5 | <0.05 | 1.7 | NS |
Heart rate* | 7.0 | <0.001 | 35.8 | <0.001 | 62.9 | <0.001 | 2.3 | <0.05 | 24.3 | <0.001 | 18.0 | <0.001 | 2.9 | <0.001 |
Expired air CO† | 59.7 | <0.001 | 38.8 | <0.001 | 116.4 | <0.001 | 147.8 | <0.001 | 156.4 | <0.001 | 2.1 | NS | 1.9 | NS |
Subjective effects QSU brief* |
Factor 1 | 11.4 | <0.001 | 11.8 | <0.01 | 31.3 | <0.001 | 3.1 | <0.05 | 10.7 | <0.001 | 2.1 | NS | 1.0 | NS |
Factor 2 | 4.9 | <0.01 | 1.1 | NS | 8.7 | <0.01 | 2.2 | NS | 4.4 | <0.001 | 2.0 | NS | 1.4 | NS |
Hughes–Hatsukami* |
Urges to smoke | 10.4 | <0.001 | 6.1 | <0.05 | 37.2 | <0.001 | 1.2 | NS | 6.7 | <0.001 | 4.3 | <0.05 | 1.0 | NS |
Irritability/frustration/anger | 2.6 | <0.05 | 1.9 | NS | 7.2 | <0.001 | 1.9 | NS | 1.6 | NS | 3.2 | <0.05 | 1.5 | NS |
Anxious | 2.5 | <0.05 | 0.1 | NS | 7.4 | <0.001 | 0.5 | NS | 0.8 | NS | 6.8 | <0.01 | 0.7 | NS |
Difficulty concentrating | 1.6 | NS | 0.0 | NS | 3.7 | <0.05 | 1.5 | NS | 0.9 | NS | 1.4 | NS | 1.3 | NS |
Restlessness | 1.4 | NS | 1.2 | NS | 6.6 | <0.01 | 2.2 | NS | 1.1 | NS | 3.9 | <0.05 | 0.9 | NS |
Hunger | 1.3 | NS | 7.9 | <0.01 | 5.8 | <0.01 | 1.8 | NS | 1.5 | NS | 0.8 | NS | 1.2 | NS |
Impatient | 3.2 | <0.05 | 0.2 | NS | 6.2 | <0.01 | 1.4 | NS | 1.5 | NS | 4.1 | <0.01 | 1.2 | NS |
Craving a cigarette/nicotine | 11.3 | <0.001 | 9.6 | <0.01 | 29.2 | <0.001 | 2.9 | <0.05 | 6.9 | <0.001 | 5.8 | <0.01 | 1.4 | NS |
Drowsiness | 0.4 | NS | 0.1 | NS | 4.9 | <0.01 | 1.5 | NS | 1.0 | NS | 3.6 | <0.05 | 1.5 | NS |
Depression/feeling blue | 0.8 | NS | 0.4 | NS | 0.8 | NS | 1.1 | NS | 1.1 | NS | 0.6 | NS | 1.2 | NS |
Desire for sweets | 1.8 | NS | 0.5 | NS | 2.7 | NS | 2.0 | NS | 1.3 | NS | 2.8 | <0.05 | 0.8 | NS |
Direct effects of nicotine* |
Nauseous | 2.9 | <0.05 | 0.0 | NS | 4.7 | <0.05 | 1.8 | NS | 2.5 | <0.05 | 1.9 | NS | 1.4 | NS |
Dizzy | 2.1 | NS | 0.1 | NS | 4.4 | <0.01 | 1.1 | NS | 1.6 | NS | 1.5 | NS | 2.3 | <0.05 |
Lightheaded | 1.7 | NS | 0.1 | NS | 5.0 | <0.01 | 1.0 | NS | 2.3 | <0.05 | 0.5 | NS | 1.2 | NS |
Nervous | 0.7 | NS | 0.4 | NS | 1.1 | NS | 1.9 | NS | 1.5 | NS | 1.3 | NS | 1.1 | NS |
Sweaty | 0.7 | NS | 1.9 | NS | 1.7 | NS | 1.1 | NS | 2.0 | NS | 1.1 | NS | 1.0 | NS |
Headache | 1.6 | NS | 4.1 | NS | 2.2 | NS | 1.3 | NS | 2.1 | <0.05 | 1.9 | NS | 1.0 | NS |
Excessive salivation | 5.9 | <0.001 | 0.8 | NS | 17.0 | <0.001 | 1.5 | NS | 4.8 | <0.001 | 2.8 | <0.05 | 1.6 | NS |
Heart pounding | 3.2 | <0.05 | 0.9 | NS | 1.2 | NS | 0.5 | NS | 0.9 | NS | 1.1 | NS | 1.2 | NS |
Confused | 2.4 | NS | 2.0 | NS | 0.7 | NS | 1.0 | NS | 0.9 | NS | 1.1 | NS | 0.6 | NS |
Weak | 1.3 | NS | 2.9 | NS | 0.9 | NS | 0.7 | NS | 1.0 | NS | 1.0 | NS | 0.8 | NS |
Direct effects of tobacco* |
Satisfy | 35.9 | <0.001 | 31.1 | <0.001 | 54.5 | <0.001 | 4.4 | <0.01 | 15.5 | <0.001 | 30.7 | <0.001 | 7.7 | <0.001 |
Pleasant | 30.9 | <0.001 | 16.6 | <0.001 | 59.2 | <0.001 | 3.7 | <0.01 | 13.5 | <0.001 | 34.4 | <0.001 | 8.7 | <0.001 |
Taste good | 24.9 | <0.001 | 16.4 | <0.001 | 50.6 | <0.001 | 6.6 | <0.001 | 9.5 | <0.001 | 38.4 | <0.001 | 6.6 | <0.001 |
Dizzy | 6.3 | <0.001 | 0.5 | NS | 8.2 | <0.001 | 2.5 | <0.05 | 1.8 | NS | 11.0 | <0.001 | 3.6 | <0.01 |
Calm | 11.3 | <0.001 | 1.3 | NS | 26.0 | <0.001 | 2.5 | <0.05 | 5.1 | <0.001 | 27.7 | <0.001 | 3.7 | <0.001 |
Help concentrate | 9.5 | <0.001 | 5.6 | <0.05 | 13.8 | <0.001 | 1.3 | NS | 3.2 | <0.01 | 10.4 | <0.001 | 2.4 | <0.01 |
Feel awake | 11.5 | <0.001 | 1.8 | NS | 21.3 | <0.001 | 0.6 | NS | 3.4 | <0.001 | 17.5 | <0.001 | 3.2 | <0.01 |
Reduce hunger | 3.3 | <0.01 | 9.0 | <0.01 | 14.6 | <0.001 | 0.2 | NS | 1.7 | NS | 17.9 | <0.001 | 2.1 | <0.05 |
Feel sick | 5.2 | <0.01 | 1.3 | NS | 11.4 | <0.001 | 0.6 | NS | 2.7 | <0.05 | 6.8 | <0.01 | 1.8 | NS |
Taste like own brand | 55.8 | <0.001 | 24.1 | <0.001 | 32.1 | <0.001 | 12.8 | <0.001 | 22.9 | <0.001 | 19.5 | <0.001 | 16.3 | <0.001 |
Feel like own brand | 48.4 | <0.001 | 22.3 | <0.001 | 36.9 | <0.001 | 8.3 | <0.001 | 22.2 | <0.001 | 23.3 | <0.001 | 13.7 | <0.001 |
Harsh as own brand | 13.9 | <0.001 | 11.9 | <0.01 | 22.9 | <0.001 | 4.1 | <0.01 | 5.3 | <0.001 | 17.5 | <0.001 | 4.0 | <0.001 |
Mild as own brand | 34.6 | <0.001 | 8.8 | <0.01 | 33.6 | <0.001 | 4.7 | <0.01 | 11.1 | <0.001 | 21.7 | <0.001 | 9.8 | <0.001 |
More of product right now | 17.4 | <0.001 | 0.7 | NS | 12.6 | <0.001 | 0.8 | NS | 3.4 | <0.001 | 40.1 | <0.001 | 10.9 | <0.001 |