Primary comparisons of change in desire to smoke and other withdrawal symptoms from baseline between 0 and 16 mg nicotine ENDD
| Withdrawal symptom* | Mean change (95% CI) | p Value |
| Desire to smoke | 0.82 (0.25 to 1.38) | 0.006 |
| Irritability | 0.26 (−0.48 to 0.99) | 0.48 |
| Restlessness | 0.53 (−0.11 to 1.18) | 0.10 |
| Poor concentration | 0.39 (−0.30 to 1.07) | 0.26 |
↵* Visual analogue scale 0 to 10.