Restriction type | 2006* | 2007* | Total* | ||||||||||||
Number of smoking parent figures | Number of smoking parent figures | Number of smoking parent figures | |||||||||||||
Neither smoke | One, father only | One, mother only | Two smoke | Total† | Neither smoke | One father only | One mother only | Two smoke | Total | Neither smoke | One father only | One mother only | Two smoke | Total | |
% (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
Complete | 71.2 (67.7 to 74.5) | 20.1 (14.9 to 26.5) | 10.8 (7.7 to 15.1) | 9.0 (5.8 to 13.6) | 47.3 (43.9 to 50.8) | 79.3 (76.0 to 82.2) | 29.7 (23.6 to 36.6) | 10.0 (7.0 to 14.2) | 8.0 (5.4 to 11.7) | 51.8 (48.1 to 55.4) | 75.0 (72.4 to 77.5) | 24.9 (20.9 to 29.3) | 10.4 (8.2 to 13.2) | 8.5 (6.3 to 11.5) | 49.5 (46.3 to 52.6) |
Partial | 24.9 (21.7 to 28.5) | 51.5 (44.0 to 58.9) | 49.2 (42.9 to 55.4) | 43.3 (37.1 to 49.6) | 34.2 (31.5 to 36.9) | 18.4 (15.8 to 21.3) | 50.0 (42.7 to 57.3) | 58.3 (52.3 to 64.0) | 55.9 (49.8 to 61.9) | 34 (31.5 to 36.7) | 21.8 (19.4 to 24.5) | 50.7 (45.2 to 56.3) | 53.7 (49.3 to 58.0) | 49.3 (44.8 to 53.7) | 34.1 (32.0 to 36.2) |
None | 3.8 (2.8 to 5.2) | 28.4 (21.2 to 37.0) | 40.0 (33.2 to 47.2) | 47.8 (41.2 to 54.4) | 18.5 (16.0 to 21.3) | 2.4 (1.5 to 3.6) | 20.3 (14.8 to 27.3) | 31.7 (26.1 to 37.9) | 36.0 (30.4 to 42.1) | 14.2 (12.1 to 16.5) | 3.1 (2.5 to 3.9) | 24.4 (19.8 to 29.7) | 35.9 (31.5 to 40.6) | 42.2 (37.8 to 46.7) | 16.4 (14.6 to 18.5) |
Total | 1147 | 204 | 295 | 289 | 1935 | 1018 | 202 | 290 | 261 | 1771 | 2165 | 406 | 585 | 550 | 3706 |
*Pearson χ2 = 767.423 (2006); 793.631(2007); df = 6, p<0.001 (association between type of restriction and number/gender of smoking parents).
†Pearson χ2 = 14.23, df = 2, p<0.001 (association between type of restriction and survey year).
Cotinine confirmed non-smoking pupils who reported living with both parents, step or single parents.