Sustained never smokers | “Starters” | Sustained ex-smokers | “Resumers” | Sustained smokers | “Quitters” | |
Men (n = 23 560) | ||||||
Participants (n) | 6246 | 123 | 3838 | 787 | 10 380 | 2186 |
Number of person years | 144 668 | 2735 | 88 805 | 17 662 | 227 114 | 50 570 |
All causes: | ||||||
Deaths | 725 | 15 | 596 | 139 | 3133 | 394 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 501 | 549 | 671 | 787 | 1379 | 779 |
Cardiovascular disease: | ||||||
Deaths | 249 | 6 | 198 | 60 | 1233 | 154 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 172 | 219 | 223 | 340 | 543 | 305 |
Ischaemic heart disease: | ||||||
Deaths | 159 | 6 | 128 | 40 | 855 | 101 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 110 | 219 | 144 | 226 | 376 | 200 |
Stroke: | ||||||
Deaths | 41 | 0 | 43 | 7 | 168 | 29 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 28 | 0 | 48 | 40 | 74 | 57 |
Lung cancer: | ||||||
Deaths | 9 | 0 | 21 | 7 | 388 | 18 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 6 | 0 | 24 | 40 | 171 | 36 |
Other smoking-related cancer: | ||||||
Deaths | 71 | 2 | 45 | 9 | 283 | 36 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 49 | 73 | 51 | 51 | 125 | 71 |
Women (n = 25 122) | ||||||
Number of participants | 12 076 | 210 | 1957 | 713 | 8803 | 1363 |
Number of person years | 287 545 | 4952 | 45 961 | 16 385 | 203 519 | 32 238 |
All causes: | ||||||
Deaths | 1043 | 19 | 158 | 63 | 1554 | 157 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 363 | 384 | 344 | 384 | 764 | 487 |
Cardiovascular disease: | ||||||
Deaths | 211 | 7 | 27 | 18 | 446 | 34 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 73 | 141 | 59 | 110 | 219 | 105 |
Ischaemic heart disease: | ||||||
Deaths | 101 | 2 | 11 | 8 | 232 | 21 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 35 | 40 | 24 | 49 | 114 | 65 |
Stroke: | ||||||
Deaths | 64 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 123 | 8 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 22 | 40 | 17 | 43 | 60 | 25 |
Lung cancer: | ||||||
Deaths | 15 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 216 | 6 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 5 | 0 | 7 | 18 | 106 | 19 |
Other smoking-related cancer: | ||||||
Deaths | 107 | 1 | 13 | 6 | 144 | 12 |
Deaths per 100 000 person years | 37 | 20 | 28 | 37 | 71 | 37 |
*Participants not reporting cardiovascular disease, diabetes or treatment for hypertension, or symptoms of angina pectoris or atherosclerosis obliterans at the last examination.