Cancer risk of broad types of smokeless tobacco products for which comparable data is available
| Smokeless tobacco type | Median pH | Category | Median concentration (ng/g) and cancer risk estimates* | ||||
| TSNA | BaPeq | Cadmium | Lead | Total | |||
| Swedish snus (n=2) | 7.4 | Level | 2309 | 3.68 | 980 | 238 | |
| Risk estimate | 1.2×10E−3 | 9.0×10E−8 | 1.7×10E−4 | 1.8×10E−8 | 1.4×10E−3 | ||
| Low-moisture snuff (n=6) | 9.5 | Level | 2025 | 34 | 320 | 659 | |
| Risk estimate | 1.1×10E−3 | 8.2×10E−7 | 5.4×10E−5 | 4.8×10E−8 | 1.2×10E−3 | ||
| US-style chewing tobacco (n=2) | 5.4 | Level | 2013 | BDL | 503 | 333 | |
| Risk estimate | 1.1×10E−3 | – | 8.5×10E−5 | 2.5×10E−8 | 1.2×10E−4 | ||
| Indian chew (Manikchand Gutka)† | 8.3 | Level | 797 | 276 | BDL | NQ | |
| Risk estimate | 4.3×10E−4 | 8.8×10E−6 | – | – | † | ||
| US loose moist snuff (n=15) | 7.5 | Level | 11675 | 140 | 933 | 340 | |
| Risk estimate | 6.4×10E−3 | 3.4×10E−6 | 1.6×10E−4 | 2.5×10E−8 | 6.6×10E−3 | ||
| US pouch moist snuff (n=4) | 7.6 | Level | 11667 | 70 | 1018 | 394 | |
| Risk estimate | 6.4×10E−3 | 1.7×10E−6 | 1.9×10E−4 | 2.9×10E−8 | 6.6×10E−3 | ||
| Medicinal Nicotine gum (Nicorette) | 9.3 | Level | BDL | 1.72 | NQ | NQ | |
| Risk estimate | – | 3.6×10E−9 | – | – | 3.6×10E−9 | ||
↵* Based on data from Rickert et al.14 and the constituent reduced percentage transfer assumptions (sensitivity analysis).
↵† Contains areca nut for which the carcinogen data is not provided, so that the risk estimate is likely to be grossly underestimated.
BaP, benzo(a)pyrene; BDL, below detection limit; NQ, below the limit of quantification; TSNA, tobacco specific nitrosamine.