Table 2

Characteristics associated with whether smoking respondents reported smoking in recreational settings

VariablesSmokingNot smokingTest of significance
No (%)No (%)
Reported level of bans
Total indoor area124 (5.2)131 (27.8)
Some indoor area463 (19.3)179 (37.9)
No restrictions1816 (75.6)162 (34.3)χ2(2)=386.1, p<0.001
Support for indoor restrictions
Total indoor area351 (14.6)143 (30.3)
Some indoor area459 (19.1)119 (25.2)
DK (don't know)113 (4.7)33 (7.0)
No restrictions1480 (61.6)177 (37.5)χ2(3)=107.6, p<0.001
Smoking causes lung cancer in smokers
Yes1724 (71.7)373 (79.0)
No/DK679 (28.3)99 (21.0)χ2(1)=10.60, p=0.001
Smoking causes CHD
Yes842 (35.0)199 (42.2)
No/DK1561 (65.0)273 (57.8)χ2(1)=8.66, p=0.003
Smoking causes stroke
Yes379 (15.8)91 (19.3)
No/DK2024 (84.2)381 (80.7)χ2(1)=3.55, p=0.060
Smoking causes impotence
Yes411 (17.1)110 (23.3)
No/DK1992 (82.9)362 (76.7)χ2(1)=10.23, p=0.001
Smoking causes emphysema
Yes1470 (61.2)317 (67.2)
No/DK933 (38.8)155 (32.8)χ2(1)=6.01, p=0.014
Smoking causes stained teeth
Yes2102 (87.5)420 (89.0)
No/DK301 (12.5)52 (11.0)χ2(1)=0.83, p=0.361
Smoking causes premature ageing
Yes1141 (47.5)267 (56.6)
No/DK1262 (52.5)205 (43.4)χ2(1)=13.03, p<0.001
Smoking causes lung cancer in non-smokers
Yes1312 (54.6)300 (63.6)
No/DK1091 (45.4)172 (36.4)χ2(1)=12.86, p<0.001
Total number of health effects reported
≤1411 (17.1)64 (13.6)
2272 (11.3)32 (6.8)
3348 (14.5)49 (10.4)
4366 (15.2)81 (17.2)
5404 (16.8)90 (19.1)
6301 (12.5)76 (16.1)
7183 (7.6)46 (9.7)
8118 (4.9)34 (7.2)χ2(7)=27.6, p<0.001
Tobacco is addictive
Disagree199 (8.3)41 (8.7)
Neither disagree nor agree133 (5.5)37 (7.8)
Agree2071 (86.2)394 (83.5)χ2(2)=3.95, p=0.139
Enjoying smoking too much to give it up
Disagree823 (34.2)193 (40.9)
Neither disagree nor agree273 (11.4)50 (10.6)
Agree1307 (54.4)229 (48.5)χ2(2)=7.68, p=0.022
Overall opinion of smoking behaviour
Very good42 (1.7)1 (0.2)
Good121 (5.0)19 (4.0)
Neither good nor bad1047 (43.6)153 (32.4)
Bad870 (36.2)203 (43.0)
Very bad322 (13.4)96 (20.3)χ2(4)=36.76, p<0.001
Attitude of Chinese society to smoking
Disapprove/neither/DK1303 (54.2)296 (62.7)
Support1100 (45.8)176 (37.3)χ2(1)=11.51, p=0.001
Cigarettes per day
0–10720 (30.0)251 (53.2)
11–201267 (52.7)165 (35.0)
21–30212 (8.8)29 (6.1)
31+204 (8.5)27 (5.7)χ2(3)=95.1, p<0.001
Smokers of five closest friends
None37 (1.5)15 (3.2)
One66 (2.7)25 (5.3)
Two157 (6.5)67 (14.2)
Three402 (16.7)91 (19.3)
Four462 (19.2)93 (19.7)
All1278 (53.2)181 (38.3)χ2(5)=62.32, p<0.001