Table 1

Toxicity summary

SpeciesCigarette butts/l
USFSFSCB
Topsmelt LC505.1 (4.6–5.7)1.8 (1.5–2.0)1.1 (0.95–1.3)
Fathead minnow LC5013.5 (11.4–15.9)4.3 (3.7–5.1)0.97 (0.84–1.1)
Daphnid (D magna)* LC50>161.0–2.00.125–0.25
Daphnid (C cf dubia) EC50 (immobilisation)NANA0.03–0.08 (0.02–0.12)
Daphnid (C cf dubia)§ EC50 (immobilisation)1.7 (1.4–2.06)0.16 (0.09–0.27)0.06 (0.05–0.08)
Marine bacterium (V fischeri) EC50 (bioluminescence)NANA0.3–2.7 (0.3–3.5)
Marine bacterium (V fischeri)§ EC50 (bioluminescence)> 9701.25 (1.21–1.33)0.58 (0.53–0.63)
  • LC50 and EC50 values (with 95% CIs) for leachates from unsmoked cigarette filters (USF) (no tobacco), smoked cigarette filters (SF) (no tobacco), and smoked cigarette butts (SCB) (smoked filter + tobacco).

  • * Courtesy: Register.2 No CIs reported.

  • Test utilised smoked cigarette tobacco (no filter).

  • Courtesy: Micevska et al.8 95% fiducial limits reported.

  • § Courtesy: Warne et al.7