Company | Year | Location | Topic/purpose | No. of groups/respondents | Demographics/methods |
Philip Morris (PM) | 1997 | Boston, Massachusetts | Smoker and non-smoker attitudes/perceptions of litter in general, and a range of issues surrounding cigarette butt litter32 | Six groups |
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RJ Reynolds (RJR) | 1992 | Santa Fe, New Mexico | Consumer product idea generation33 | Two groups | The two groups contained a cross-section of men and women smokers, 25–49 years of age and a cross-section of income levels, education and employment |
Indianapolis, Indiana | Consumer product idea generation | Two groups | |||
Boise, Idaho | Consumer product idea generation | Two groups | |||
Providence, Rhode Island | Consumer product idea generation | Three groups | Two groups as above; third group with women who were primarily housewives | ||
Dallas, Texas | Product idea generation | Two groups | 7-Eleven store managers 7-Eleven store clerks | ||
Idea generation | One group | A combination of managers and clerks from previous Dallas group | |||
RJR | 1993 | Sioux Falls, South Dakota; Madison, Wisconsin; St Louis, Missouri | Development of a more environmentally-friendly cigarette34 |
| A cross-section of smokers that included men and women, high, middle and low education, high, middle and low income |
PM | 1986 | Six cities | Evaluate 26 novel product ideas35 | 693 interviews | Smokers recruited by mall intercept |
PM | 1995 | Chicago, Illinois | Consumers' reactions to environmental issues36 | 148 self-administered questionnaires | Men and women smokers, aged 18–55 years old |
PM | 1995 | Owings Mills, Maryland | Consumers' reactions to environmental issues36 | 20 one-on-one interviews | Smokers, men and women, aged 18–55 years old. |
Tidy Britain Group | 1996 | UK (national) | Attitudes of smokers towards cigarette disposal outdoors37 | 918 interviews face-to-face on the street | A representative number of smokers in each of the categories of nation/region, age, sex and social class |
British American Tobacco (BAT) | 1980 | UK |
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RJR | 1978 |
| The dimensions of consumers' views of the social and regulatory aspects of smoking39 | Six groups | All respondents were between 18 and 55 years of age. Men and women were equally represented in the groups held in New York and San Francisco, but in Cincinnati, one group was all men and the other was all women. Smokers and non-smokers. |
RJR | 1985 |
| Smoking concerns in relation to other issues; meanings of and attributions towards smoking and smokers; responses to smoking in situational contexts; propensity of the anti-smoker to take action; and hypothesised pathological characteristics of the anti-smoker40 |
| Interviews in group and individual settings, administering written material and addressing parallel issues in both settings. Respondents were selected to ensure reasonable distributions of age, sex, socioeconomic status and smoking status. |
RJR | 2004 | West Coast USA | To meet the group and confirm that the newly formed company (Reynolds American) was committed to continuing the corporate social responsibility engagement and dialogue process41 | One group | Members of a western state public health department and tobacco control group. |
Seattle, Washington | One group | A doctor, a restaurant manager, a police officer, a parent–teacher association representative, a director of a non-profit community organisation, a leader of a local church, a student active in college social and student government affairs and an owner of a local convenience store. | |||
Southeast USA | To further the company's understanding of the actions expected of a responsible tobacco company41 | One group | Members of the health department. | ||
Bangor, Maine | Public perceptions of the tobacco industry41 | One group | Members of the greater Bangor, Maine community. That group included a member of the clergy, a parent–teacher association member, a mother of teenagers, an elected council member, a convenience store owner, a restaurant/bar manager, a college student, the director of a non-profit organisation and a police officer. | ||
RJR | 2006 | West Coast USA | Tobacco control policy issues41 | One group | The head of a county lung association and a retired doctor who chairs a county tobacco control coalition |
PM | 1998 | Dallas, Texas | Clean indoor air policies42 | Seven groups |
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Brown & Williamson (B&W) | 1996 |
| Identify the most promising selling propositions for ‘natural’ cigarettes43 | 14 groups |
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BAT | 1993 | Switzerland | ‘Ecological’ cigarette concept44 | Nine groups |
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PM | 1992 | Seattle, Washington Atlanta, Georgia | Litter, ashtrays45 | Six groups | Six groups: three smoker and three non-smoker. The smoking and non-smoking groups were broken into three age brackets: 18–24; 25–34; 35–50. |
RJR | 1993 | Birmingham, Alabama | To explore smokers' reactions to concepts that build on social responsibility, to aid in the development of direct mail pieces46 | Six groups |
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PM | 1986 |
| The purpose of the social aspect of smoking focus groups was to generate some discussion on concepts for new cigarette ideas that address issues of social and health importance47 | 10 groups | Two groups per city, smokers aged 35 and younger and aged 36 to 65 |
B&W | 1996 | Minneapolis, Minnesota | Environmentally-friendly cigarette concepts48 | Six groups |
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