Risk of first-ever stroke associated with active smoking, ex-smoking, and passive smoking, men and women aged 35–74 years
| Smoking status | Reference group 2: non-smokers (not exposed to ETS) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with stroke (n = 521) | Community controls (n = 1851) | OR4-150 | 95% CI | ||||||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | ||||||
| Passive smokers† | |||||||||
| Not exposed | 110 | 21.1 | 660 | 35.7 | 1.00 | Referent | |||
| Exposed | 155 | 29.8 | 676 | 36.5 | 1.82 | 1.34–2.49 | |||
| Active smokers | 164 | 31.5 | 255 | 13.8 | 6.33 | 4.50–8.91 | |||
| ⩾15 cigarettes/day | 95 | 18.2 | 154 | 8.3 | 7.06 | 4.75–10.49 | |||
| 6–14 cigarettes/day | 42 | 8.1 | 62 | 3.4 | 6.63 | 3.89–11.30 | |||
| ⩽5 cigarettes/day | 27 | 5.2 | 39 | 2.1 | 3.89 | 2.03–7.47 | |||
| Ex-smokers | 71 | 13.6 | 236 | 12.7 | 2.21 | 1.50–3.27 | |||
| <2 years | 22 | 4.2 | 46 | 2.4 | 3.45 | 1.84–6.46 | |||
| 2–10 years | 49 | 9.4 | 190 | 10.3 | 1.89 | 1.21–2.93 | |||
↵4-150 Odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, and history of heart disease in logisitic regression analysis. †Includes ex-smokers who had quit more than 10 years previously. ETS = environmental tobacco smoke; CI = confidence intervals.