Questions | Construct | Posttest survey (14 schools; n = 1181) | Pretest survey (14 schools; n = 1730) | p1-150 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (%) | 95%CI | Mean (%) | 95% CI | ||||||||
Agree with: | |||||||||||
I will never smoke | Intentions | 69.3 | 62.0–76.6 | 62.7 | 55.4–70.1 | 0.011-151 | |||||
No plans to start | Intentions | 89.7 | 83.3–96.1 | 87.1 | 80.7–93.1 | 0.31 | |||||
Don’t want to smoke | Intentions | 88.1 | 80.6–95.6 | 86.8 | 79.3–94.3 | 0.50 | |||||
Not as many smokers | Norms | 30.4 | 25.4–35.5 | 22.7 | 17.7–27.8 | <0.011-152 | |||||
Smoking will kill you | Outcomes | 80.2 | 75.2–85.2 | 69.8 | 64.9–74.8 | <0.01 | |||||
Nicotine more addictive | Outcomes | 54.5 | 47.6–61.4 | 23.3 | 16.5–30.2 | <0.011-152 | |||||
Costs lots of money | Outcomes | 85.8 | 82.0–89.7 | 62.8 | 58.9–66.7 | <0.011-152 | |||||
Get in trouble | Outcomes | 88.8 | 83.2–94.4 | 82.7 | 77.1–88.3 | 0.01 | |||||
People worry about health | Outcomes | 68.9 | 65.4–72.4 | 63.7 | 60.2–67.2 | 0.02 | |||||
Makes your teeth yellow | Outcomes | 90.3 | 86.3–94.3 | 84.2 | 80.2–88.2 | 0.031-152 | |||||
Difficult to quit | Outcomes | 90.4 | 85.6–95.2 | 87.6 | 82.9–92.4 | 0.14 | |||||
Makes your breath smell | Outcomes | 93.2 | 90.4–95.9 | 91.0 | 88.2–93.4 | 0.18 | |||||
Hurts lungs and heart | Outcomes | 91.0 | 87.4–94.7 | 89.6 | 85.9–93.2 | 0.19 | |||||
Makes your lungs black | Outcomes | 91.0 | 87.7–94.4 | 90.8 | 87.5–94.1 | 0.89 | |||||
Smoking is dumb | Attitudes | 92.4 | 87.6–97.2 | 89.3 | 84.5–94.1 | 0.01 | |||||
Billboards get you to try | Attitudes | 77.2 | 70.2–84.2 | 70.6 | 63.6–77.6 | 0.04 | |||||
Non-smoking is cool | Attitudes | 90.6 | 87.0–94.3 | 88.0 | 84.3–91.7 | 0.141-152 | |||||
No reason to start | Meanings | 87.4 | 80.0–94.7 | 86.4 | 79.0–93.8 | 0.66 | |||||
Disagree with: | |||||||||||
I have tried a cigarette | Behaviour | 89.3 | 81.8–96.7 | 87.9 | 80.4–95.3 | 0.40 | |||||
Started to smoke | Behaviour | 92.9 | 87.6–98.2 | 93.2 | 87.9–98.5 | 0.79 | |||||
If friend offered, I’d try | Intentions | 87.7 | 81.6–93.9 | 84.6 | 78.5–90.8 | 0.09 | |||||
I will try soon | Intentions | 88.6 | 82.1–95.0 | 87.7 | 81.3–94.1 | 0.63 | |||||
I would like to try | Intentions | 88.3 | 81.8–94.8 | 89.1 | 82.6–95.6 | 0.78 | |||||
I think about trying | Intentions | 84.5 | 78.6–90.5 | 84.9 | 79.0–90.9 | 0.84 | |||||
I think I will try | Intentions | 76.8 | 68.8–84.9 | 76.3 | 68.3–84.3 | 0.85 | |||||
Try in one year | Intentions | 90.5 | 84.4–96.6 | 90.6 | 84.4–96.7 | 0.97 | |||||
Many adults smoke | Norms | 31.7 | 25.2–38.3 | 32.2 | 25.6–38.7 | 0.84 | |||||
Many students smoke | Norms | 75.7 | 64.0–87.4 | 75.4 | 63.9–87.1 | 0.92 | |||||
Makes you look good | Outcomes | 92.7 | 88.6–96.8 | 90.0 | 85.6–93.9 | 0.081-151 | |||||
Makes you laugh more | Outcomes | 75.6 | 70.4–80.8 | 71.9 | 66.7–77.1 | 0.14 | |||||
Makes you rich | Outcomes | 93.9 | 91.9–96.0 | 95.5 | 93.4–97.5 | 0.24 | |||||
Makes you look cool | Outcomes | 90.5 | 86.5–94.5 | 89.2 | 85.2–93.2 | 0.43 | |||||
Doesn’t cause lung cancer | Outcomes | 85.3 | 81.3–89.2 | 84.2 | 80.0–88.1 | 0.51 | |||||
Important reasons to not smoke: | |||||||||||
Other ways to have fun | Meanings | 88.0 | 83.5–92.6 | 81.7 | 77.2–86.3 | <0.011-152 | |||||
Parents have rules | Meanings | 79.5 | 74.8–84.2 | 74.1 | 69.4–78.8 | <0.01 | |||||
I might get addicted | Meanings | 71.7 | 64.2–79.3 | 65.3 | 57.8–72.8 | <0.011-152 | |||||
Costs too much money | Meanings | 64.5 | 57.5–71.6 | 46.8 | 39.8–53.9 | <0.011-152 | |||||
Breaking school roles | Meanings | 83.8 | 77.6–90.1 | 79.1 | 72.8–85.3 | <0.01 | |||||
Friends don’t smoke | Meanings | 78.3 | 69.7–86.8 | 74.3 | 65.7–82.9 | 0.12 | |||||
Could hurt athletics | Meanings | 87.6 | 82.9–92.3 | 85.4 | 80.7–90.1 | 0.35 | |||||
Bad for my health | Meanings | 93.4 | 90.2–96.5 | 92.9 | 89.8–96.1 | 0.82 | |||||
Could say no if offered a cigarette by: | |||||||||||
Alien from Mars | Efficacy | 78.1 | 74.1–82.2 | 72.0 | 68.0–76.1 | 0.02 | |||||
A friend | Efficacy | 86.4 | 81.0–91.9 | 83.3 | 77.8–88.7 | 0.11 | |||||
Someone in same grade | Efficacy | 91.5 | 87.1–95.9 | 89.6 | 85.2–94.0 | 0.15 | |||||
Other older persons | Efficacy | 84.5 | 80.5–88.6 | 81.8 | 77.7–85.8 | 0.16 | |||||
Older brother or sister | Efficacy | 89.9 | 85.6–94.2 | 88.0 | 83.7–92.3 | 0.23 |
↵1-150 At school level; F[1,13].
↵1-151 Intervention (n = 7 schools) v control (n = 7 schools) analyses, p<0.10. Treatment status is defined by play date: 3 December 1997 and earlier with posttest data as intervention schools and 8 December 1997 and later with pretest data as control (delayed intervention) schools. At school level,F[1,12].
↵1-152 Intervention (n = 7 schools) v control (n = 7 schools) analyses, p<0.05. Treatment status is defined by play date: 3 December 1997 and earlier with posttest data as intervention schools and 8 December 1997 and later with pretest data as control (delayed intervention) schools. At school level;F[1,12].