Table 2

Grades 1-3: comparison of responses, pretest versus posttest, and intervention versus control, to smoking-related questions

Questions		Construct		Posttest survey (15 schools; n = 1516)				Pretest survey (15 schools; n = 2519)		p^2-150
Questions		Construct		Mean (%)	95% CI			Mean (%)	95% CI	p^2-150
Disagree with:
Ever tried smoking	Behaviour	95.0	91.7–98.3		95.6	92.3–98.9	0.64
Think they will try	Intentions	91.3	87.7–94.9		92.8	89.2–96.5	0.20
Like to try smoking	Intentions	96.2	93.7–98.7		96.5	94.0–99.1	0.79
A lot of adults smoke	Norms	43.1	36.6–49.6		25.8	19.3–32.2	<0.01^2-151
A lot of teens smoke	Norms	32.2	27.7–36.8		25.4	20.9–30.0	<0.01^2-151
Makes you look famous	Outcomes	94.5	91.2–97.9		95.3	92.0–98.7	0.59
Makes you look cool	Meanings	93.0	90.0–96.0		90.8	87.8–93.9	0.08
Smoking is fun	Meanings	94.2	91.5–96.9		93.7	91.0–96.4	0.63
Agree with:
They will never smoke	Intentions	77.0	77.8–82.1		70.2	65.0–75.3	0.02
People don’t like smoke	Norms	78.1	72.0–84.1		76.4	70.4–82.4	0.50
Makes your clothes stink	Outcomes	89.8	85.9–93.7		83.2	79.3–87.1	<0.01^2-151
Makes it hard to breathe	Outcomes	93.0	89.2–96.7		91.0	87.2–94.7	0.11
Starts forest fires	Outcomes	94.5	91.4–97.7		93.4	90.3–96.7	0.33
Bad for your lungs	Outcomes	91.9	87.6–96.2		92.8	88.6–97.1	0.60
Makes your breath smell	Outcomes	93.6	90.2–97.1		93.1	89.7– 96.6	0.63
Companies don’t care	Attitudes	72.1	66.8–77.3		67.3	62.1–72.5	0.04
Many smoke-free places	Knowledge	85.9	81.3–90.4		84.8	80.2–89.4	0.59

↵2-150 At school level; F[1,14].
↵2-151 Intervention (n = 8 schools) v control (n = 8 schools) analyses, p<0.05.Treatment status is defined by play date: 3 December 1997 and earlier with posttest data as intervention schools and 4 December 1997 and later with pretest data as control (delayed intervention) schools. At school level;F[1,14].