Table 3

Summary of findings by race and sex

Demographic
group 		Earmarking of tax revenue Smoker protection laws Clean indoor air laws Youth access laws Average price elasticity
(across all models)
Men−3-160 −−3-165 −−0.9283-165
 White−3-a −−3-165 +−0.8613-165
 Black++3-160 −−3-a −1.6463-165
Women−3-160 +−+−0.5953-160
 White−3-160 −+−−0.4513-160
 Black−+−−3-a −0.453
Whites−3-160 −−3-150 +−0.6393-165
 Men−3-a −−3-165 +−0.8613-165
 Women−3-160 −+−−0.4513-160
Blacks++3-150 −−3-150 −1.1083-150
 Men++3-160 −−3-a −1.6463-165
 Women−+−−3-a −0.453

  • All probit regressions included controls for age, average weekly income, current grade, marital status, parental education, family structure, mother's work status while the child was growing up, existence of siblings, average number of hours worked weekly, living in rural area, and frequency of participation in religious services in addition to race and sex when appropriate.

  • ↵3-165 Significance at the 1% level (two-tailed test);

  • ↵3-160 5% level (two-tailed test);

  • ↵3-150 10% level (two-tailed test);

  • ↵3-a 10% level (one-tailed test).