Baseline† | Inclusive of environmental site-specific controls†‡ | |
Log price (local brand) | −1.280*** (0.241) | −1.365*** (0.392) |
Anti-smoking sentiment | −0.110 (0.312) | |
Cigarette advertising | 0.861 (0.680) | |
Anti-tobacco media | −1.256** (0.537) | |
Youth access | 0.185 (0.339) | |
Price elasticity of conditional demand | −1.280*** | −1.365*** |
Coefficients represent the marginal effect of each variable on log cigarettes per month.
SEs clustered by survey site.
SEs in parentheses.
**p<0.05; ***p<0.01.
↵† All specifications include Age, Age Squared, Gender, Parental Smoking, Pocket Money, and year and country dummy variables.
↵‡ Inclusive specifications include the following environmental controls: Anti-Smoking Sentiment, Cigarette Advertising, Anti-Tobacco Media and Youth Access.