Mean exposure (SE) | p Value | |
Socio-demographic profile | ||
Age (years) | ||
≤13 | 153.8 (2.8) | 0.001 |
14 | 163.1 (2.6) | |
15 | 171.4 (3.6) | |
16 and above | 166.1 (4.8) | |
Gender | ||
Boy | 177.2 (2.1) | <0.001 |
Girl | 143.2 (2.3) | |
School type | ||
High SES | 171.9 (2.3) | <0.001 |
Low SES | 148.5 (2.1) | |
Class | ||
Eighth | 157.3 (2.2) | 0.004 |
Ninth | 166.3 (2.3) | |
Social influences | ||
Receptive to tobacco promotions | ||
No | 159.1 (1.7) | <0.001 |
Yes | 184.6 (4.5) | |
Family members using tobacco | ||
No | 164.2 (1.9) | 0.017 |
Yes | 156.3 (2.7) | |
Friends using tobacco | ||
No | 156.6 (1.7) | <0.001 |
Yes | 201.4 (4.2) | |
Characteristics of child and parenting | ||
Academic performance | ||
Excellent | 157.7 (3.3) | <0.001 |
Good | 170.6 (2.6) | |
Average | 161.4 (3.1) | |
Below average | 151.4 (4.4) | |
Sensation seeking | ||
Lower score | 143.5 (2.1) | <0.001 |
Higher score | 184.0 (2.2) | |
Parental responsiveness and demandingness | ||
Lower score | 158.3 (2.2) | 0.031 |
Higher score | 165.0 (2.2) |
SES, socio-economic status.