Overall | Wave 1 | Wave 2 | t Test | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p Value* | |
Total | 504 (100) | 503 (100) | ||
Proportion who agree that the following health effects are caused by smoking cigarettes (% who strongly agree/agree) | ||||
Gum or mouth disease | 864 (90.7) | 414 (87.9) | 450 (93.4) | <0.01 |
Stroke | 804 (86.3) | 376 (83.0) | 428 (89.4) | 0.01 |
Lung cancer | 969 (97.0) | 479 (96.0) | 490 (98.0) | 0.06 |
Throat or mouth cancers | 934 (94.3) | 457 (92.5) | 477 (96.0) | 0.02 |
Impotence in men | 390 (51.5) | 173 (45.5) | 217 (57.4) | <0.01 |
Asthma | 874 (88.6) | 445 (90.6) | 429 (86.5) | 0.04 |
Heart disease | 837 (88.3) | 393 (85.6) | 444 (90.8) | 0.01 |
Emphysema | 856 (91.4) | 421 (91.3) | 435 (91.4) | 0.97 |
Liver disease/cirrhosis | 510 (58.2) | 239 (55.7) | 271 (60.6) | 0.14 |
Diabetes | 309 (35.7) | 157 (37.2) | 152 (34.2) | 0.36 |
Significant differences across survey wave are noted in bold typeface.
↵* p Value for t test of wave 1 versus wave 2.