A comparison of dippers and smokers in relation to multiple continuous measures without stratification by lifetime use
| Dippers | Smokers | ||||||
| N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | p Value | |
| HONC score | 77 | 3.70 | 3.38 | 116 | 3.51 | 3.33 | NS |
| AUTOS score | 85 | 10.81 | 9.54 | 139 | 9.50 | 9.34 | NS |
| Withdrawal subscale | 85 | 3.48 | 3.76 | 139 | 2.62 | 3.74 | NS |
| Psychological reliance subscale | 85 | 3.39 | 3.40 | 139 | 2.71 | 2.94 | NS |
| Cue-induced desire to use tobacco subscale | 85 | 3.94 | 2.99 | 139 | 4.18 | 3.32 | NS |
| Pleasure from smoking/using dip | 77 | 5.90 | 2.04 | 114 | 5.60 | 2.39 | NS |
| Latency to withdrawal, h | 50 | 296 | 293 | 67 | 313 | 298 | NS |
AUTOS, Autonomy Over Smoking Scale; HONC, Hooked on Nicotine Checklist; NS, not significant.