Factors associated with switching between premium and discount brands*
| Variables | Discount to discount (n=3152) | Premium to premium (n=3152) | Premium to discount (n=3152) | Discount to premium (n=3152) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Females vs males | 1.09 | (0.83 to 1.44) | 1.08 | (0.78 to 1.49) | 1.21 | (0.92 to 1.59) | 1.07 | (0.71 to 1.60) |
| Age (yrs) | ||||||||
| 25–39 vs 18–24 | 1.89 | (0.72 to 5.01) | 0.29 | (0.17 to 0.51) | 1.20 | (0.72 to 2.00) | 1.42 | (0.57 to 3.57) |
| 40–54 vs 18–24 | 2.74 | (1.09 to 6.87) | 0.23 | (0.14 to 0.38) | 0.67 | (0.41 to 1.11) | 0.96 | (0.39 to 2.33) |
| 55–max vs 18–24 | 3.86 | (1.55 to 9.64) | 0.21 | (0.12 to 0.36) | 0.92 | (0.56 to 1.51) | 1.04 | (0.43 to 2.54) |
| Race | ||||||||
| Other vs White | 0.81 | (0.47 to 1.40) | 1.32 | (0.74 to 2.35) | 1.30 | (0.81 to 2.08) | 0.44 | (0.17 to 1.14) |
| Black vs White | 0.50 | (0.25 to 1.02) | 1.25 | (0.69 to 2.26) | 0.85 | (0.46 to 1.57) | 1.07 | (0.49 to 2.34) |
| Income† | ||||||||
| Low vs high | 2.81 | (1.81 to 4.36) | 0.67 | (0.42 to 1.07) | 1.47 | (1.01 to 2.13) | 2.20 | (1.25 to 3.87) |
| Middle vs high | 1.71 | (1.12 to 2.63) | 0.80 | (0.53 to 1.19) | 0.90 | (0.62 to 1.31) | 1.21 | (0.67 to 2.17) |
| No answer vs high | 2.32 | (1.19 to 4.52) | 0.75 | (0.35 to 1.62) | 0.82 | (0.43 to 1.55) | 0.66 | (0.25 to 1.77) |
| Nicotine dependence‡ | ||||||||
| ≥4 vs <4 | 1.27 | (0.98 to 1.65) | 0.59 | (0.40 to 0.86) | 1.21 | (0.90 to 1.63) | 1.20 | (0.80 to 1.80) |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Daily vs non-daily | 1.13 | (0.62 to 2.08) | 0.82 | (0.43 to 1.54) | 1.15 | (0.61 to 2.15) | 1.23 | (0.47 to 3.23) |
| Region | ||||||||
| Midwest vs west | 1.06 | (0.70 to 1.61) | 0.77 | (0.50 to 1.20) | 1.15 | (0.77 to 1.74) | 0.68 | (0.37 to 1.28) |
| Northeast vs west | 1.09 | (0.69 to 1.73) | 0.92 | (0.58 to 1.47) | 1.05 | (0.68 to 1.62) | 0.74 | (0.42 to 1.31) |
| South vs west | 1.49 | (1.02 to 2.19) | 0.58 | (0.37 to 0.90) | 0.95 | (0.63 to 1.41) | 0.64 | (0.37 to 1.09) |
| Education§ | ||||||||
| Moderate vs low | 0.77 | (0.57 to 1.05) | 0.82 | (0.56 to 1.21) | 1.15 | (0.87 to 1.51) | 1.74 | (1.13 to 2.68) |
| High vs low | 0.59 | (0.37 to 0.92) | 1.43 | (0.92 to 2.23) | 0.58 | (0.36 to 0.94) | 1.40 | (0.73 to 2.66) |
| Wave | ||||||||
| Wave 3 vs 2 | 1.61 | (1.17 to 2.22) | 1.45 | (0.89 to 2.37) | 0.93 | (0.57 to 1.52) | 1.11 | (0.54 to 2.29) |
| Wave 4 vs 2 | 1.66 | (1.16 to 2.38) | 1.32 | (0.78 to 2.25) | 0.99 | (0.64 to 1.55) | 1.52 | (0.78 to 2.97) |
| Wave 5 vs 2 | 1.08 | (0.68 to 1.72) | 0.93 | (0.52 to 1.66) | 0.93 | (0.54 to 1.61) | 0.97 | (0.45 to 2.09) |
| Wave 6 vs 2 | 1.27 | (0.81 to 2.01) | 1.00 | (0.57 to 1.75) | 1.16 | (0.68 to 1.95) | 1.55 | (0.76 to 3.16) |
| Wave 7 vs 2 | 1.73 | (1.09 to 2.73) | 1.09 | (0.61 to 1.94) | 1.26 | (0.78 to 2.04) | 1.00 | (0.45 to 2.21) |
| Wave 8 vs 2 | 3.08 | (1.84 to 5.16) | 1.41 | (0.67 to 3.01) | 2.16 | (1.22 to 3.83) | 1.00 | (0.40 to 2.47) |
Bold items are statistically significant (p<0.05).
Note that the April 2009 federal excise tax increase occurred between survey waves 7 and 8.
*Adjusted for time-in-sample.
†Income defined as low=≤US$29 999; medium=US$30 000–US$59 999, or high≥US$60 000.
‡Nicotine dependence measured by heaviness of smoking index (scored 0–6) and categorised as either low=<4, or high≥4.
§Education defined as low: ≤high school; moderate=some college/tech/trade school; high=college degree or higher.