Subjective effects in e-cigarette users
| Reference | Study characteristics Product experience of participants | Study product | Labelled nicotine content | Sample size | Use duration | Results Subjective effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bullen et al1 | Naïve users | Ruyan V8 | 16 or 0 mg | 8 | 5 min ad libitum | 16 mg e-cigarette significantly reduced desire to smoke 10 min after last puff |
| Dawkins et al31 | Naïve users; single session of short duration after only 1 h tobacco abstinence | White super | 18 or 0 mg | 86 | 5 min ad libitum | Desire to smoke, anxiety, poor concentration, irritability, restlessness were significantly reduced (males) and depression, concentration (females) improved 20 min after e-cigarette use |
| Dawkins et al32 | Experienced users; wide variety of products; survey | Preferred e-cigarette, flavour, nicotine concentration | 0–36 mg, custom mg | 1347 | Estimated 235.72 (SD 339.13) puffs/daily | Reduction in craving to smoke |
| Dawkins and Corcoran33 | Experienced users; no control group with non-nicotine e-cigarette users; no manipulation of nicotine concentrations; descriptive study | SKYCIG | 18 mg/mL | 14 | 10 puffs within 5 min; 1 h ad libitum | Reduction in urge to smoke 5 and 60 min after e-cigarette use |
| Dawkins et al34 | Naïve users | Tornado | 0–18 mg/mL | 20 | Ad libitum for 60 min | Desire to smoke and anxiety decreased in the 18 mg e-cigarette |
| Eissenberg27 | Naïve users; NJOY NPRO and Crown 7 hydro failed to increase nicotine levels significantly | NJOY NPRO or Crown 7 Hydro | 16 mg | 16 | 2 series of 10 puffs, 30 s interpuff interval, 1 h between series | NJOY NPRO decreased craving significantly 5 min after Series 2 only |
| Vansickel et al2 | Naïve users; NJOY NPRO and Crown 7 hydro failed to increase nicotine levels significantly | NJOY NPRO or Crown 7 Hydro | 18 mg (NPRO), 16 mg (Hydro) | 32 | 2 series of 10 puffs, 30 s interpuff interval, 1 h between series | Abstinence symptom suppression on craving a traditional cigarette and urge to smoke |
| Vansickel and Eissenberg18 | Experienced users; no control group with non-nicotine e-cigarette users; no manipulation of nicotine concentrations | Preferred e-cigarette, flavour, nicotine concentration | 9–24 mg/mL | 8 | 10 puffs, 30 s interpuff interval; 1 h ad libitum; 2 h rest period | Some VAS ratings and positive direct effects of e-cigarette administration increased significantly following the 10-puff period, peaked following the ad libitum period, and decreased after the rest period |
VAS, visual analogue scale.