Nicotine exposure in experienced e-cigarette users
| Reference | Study characteristics | Results | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study product | Labelled nicotine content | Sample size | Use duration | Biomarkers of exposure | Other physiological measures | |
| Etter and Bullen23 | preferred e-cigarette: flavour, nicotine concentration | ave. 18 mg/mL | 30 | ad libitum | salivary cotinine: 322 ng/mL | |
| Vansickel and Eissenberg25 | preferred e-cigarette: flavour, nicotine concentration | 9–24 mg/mL | 8 | 10 puffs, 30 s interpuff interval | plasma nicotine: after 5 min, 2–10.3 ng nicotine/mL | within 5 min of bout, HR increased |
| 1 h ad libitum | plasma nicotine: 16.3 ng/mL | HR remained increased | ||||
| Dawkins and Corcoran26 | SKYCIG | 18 mg/mL | 14 | 10 puffs within 5 min | plasma nicotine: after 10 min, 0.74–6.77 ng/mL | |
| 1 h ad libitum | plasma nicotine: 13.91 ng/mL (range: 4.35 ng/mL—25.6 ng/mL) | |||||
| Caponnetto et al28 | Categoria | 7.2 mg for 12 weeks | NR | 12 weeks | salivary cotinine: 6 weeks, 42.5 ng/mL; 12 weeks, 91 ng/mL | |
| 7.2 mg for 6 weeks, 5.4 mg for another 6 weeks | NR | 12 weeks | salivary cotinine: 6 weeks, 67.8 ng/mL; 12 weeks, 69.8 ng/mL | |||
HR, heart rate.