Results of multilevel regression analyses predicting cigarette pack prices in mid-sized California cities
| Price | Marlboro price | Newport price | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | b SEb | b SEb | b SEb |
| Community level (n=50) | |||
| Population density | −0.04 (0.04) | −0.05 (0.05) | −0.01 (0.03) |
| Percentage of minors | −0.05 (0.06) | −0.01 (0.06) | −0.13 (0.06)* |
| Median household income | 0.08 (0.03)* | 0.12 (0.04)* | 0.03 (0.03) |
| Education | 0.04 (0.07) | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.02 (0.07) |
| African–American | 0.00 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.04) | −0.05 (0.03) |
| Hispanics | 0.12 (0.06)* | 0.13 (0.07) | 0.13 (0.06)* |
| Prevalence of adult smokers | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.02 (0.01)* | −0.00 (0.01) |
| Tobacco outlet density | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) |
| Local tobacco retailer licencing | −0.10 (0.09) | −0.20 (0.10)* | −0.01 (0.07) |
| Cigarette tax | −0.01 (0.04) | 0.00 (0.06) | −0.03 (0.04) |
| Retail level | n=997 | n=472 | n=525 |
| Type of outlet (small market reference) | |||
| Convenience store | −0.07 (0.08) | −0.08 (0.09) | −0.07 (0.10) |
| Smoke/tobacco shop | −0.31 (0.12)* | −0.31 (0.12)* | −0.31 (0.15)* |
| Supermarket | 0.48 (0.10)† | 0.49 (0.12)† | 0.55 (0.12)† |
| Drug/pharmacy store | −0.43 (0.09)† | −0.35 (0.12)† | −0.38 (0.13)† |
| Liquor store | −0.02 (0.07) | −0.15 (0.11) | 0.01 (0.09) |
| Other | −0.06 (0.16) | 0.05 (0.14) | −0.02 (0.29) |
*p≤0.05.
†p≤0.005.