Associations between appeal, health warning effectiveness, perceived harm and enjoyment/concern variables measured at baseline, and quitting-related cognitions measured at 1-month follow-up among continuing cigarette smokers
| Daily thoughts about quitting in past week | Intend to quit in next month | Firm date to quit in next month | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial models (N=2565 to 2915) | Multivariable model (N=2571) | Initial models (N=2584 to 2995) | Multivariable model (N=2831) | Initial models (N=2584 to 2995) | Multivariable model (N=2883) | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Appeal variables | ||||||
| Dislikes pack | 1.59** (1.17 to 2.16) | 1.38* (1.00 to 1.89) | 1.16 (0.85 to 1.57) | – | 1.01 (0.62 to 1.63) | – |
| Lower pack appeal | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.26) | – | 1.00 (0.80 to 1.25) | – | 1.19 (0.82 to 1.73) | – |
| Lower quality | 1.26 (1.00 to 1.59) | – | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.27) | – | 0.96 (0.65 to 1.41) | – |
| Lower satisfaction | 1.46** (1.13 to 1.88) | 1.49** (1.14 to 1.95) | 1.19 (0.92 to 1.53) | – | 1.33 (0.90 to 1.97) | – |
| Lower value for money | 1.12 (0.91 to 1.38) | – | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.24) | – | 1.06 (0.76 to 1.48) | – |
| Believes brands do not differ in prestige | 0.90 (0.72 to 1.11) | – | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.33) | – | 0.93 (0.65 to 1.32) | – |
| Health warning effectiveness variables | ||||||
| Notices GHW first when looking at pack | 1.37** (1.10 to 1.72) | 1.07 (0.84 to 1.35) | 1.32* (1.06 to 1.64) | 1.20 (0.95 to 1.50) | 1.82** (1.23 to 2.71) | 1.60* (1.06 to 2.40) |
| Does not believe dangers of smoking are exaggerated | 1.72*** (1.38 to 2.14) | 1.69*** (1.33 to 2.15) | 1.48*** (1.19 to 1.84) | 1.39** (1.11 to 1.75) | 1.64* (1.12 to 2.40) | 1.50* (1.02 to 2.23) |
| Attributes much more motivation to quit to GHWs | 2.72*** (1.90 to 3.90) | 2.52*** (1.71 to 3.73) | 1.71*** (1.24 to 2.36) | 1.48* (1.06 to 2.07) | 2.00** (1.29 to 3.11) | 1.81** (1.17 to 2.78) |
| Concealed or covered pack in past month | 1.61*** (1.28 to 2.03) | 1.46** (1.14 to 1.88) | 1.03 (0.82 to 1.30) | – | 0.91 (0.61 to 1.36) | – |
| Requested different GHW in past month | 1.00 (0.68 to 1.48) | – | 1.26 (0.86 to 1.85) | – | 0.95 (0.53 to 1.68) | – |
| Perceived harm variables | ||||||
| Believes brands do not differ in harmfulness | 0.83 (0.66 to 1.04) | – | 0.86 (0.68 to 1.08) | – | 0.89 (0.61 to 1.29) | – |
| Balance between enjoyment and concern | ||||||
| More enjoyment | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Balance | 1.19 (0.88 to 1.60) | 1.02 (0.74 to 1.39) | 1.34 (0.98 to 1.82) | 1.21 (0.89 to 1.65) | 0.93 (0.57 to 1.52) | |
| More concern | 1.59** (1.13 to 2.24) | 1.25 (0.87 to 1.81) | 2.29*** (1.61 to 3.25) | 1.96*** (1.37 to 2.82) | 1.30 (0.76 to 2.23) | |
Bolded results are statistically significant at p<0.05. The weighted N per initial model varies due to missing data on outcome variables and predictor variables. The weighted N for each multivariable model includes only those cases with valid data on the outcome variable and all of the predictor variables included in the model. All models adjust for the outcome variable measured at baseline and for: date of the follow-up survey; number of days between baseline and follow-up survey; cumulative Target Audience Rating Points (antismoking television advertising) in the 3 months prior to the follow-up survey; change in cigarette costliness (based on month of the follow-up survey); sex; age; education; socioeconomic status and Heaviness of Smoking Index (measured at baseline). – Predictor variable not included in multivariable model due to non-significant (at p<0.05) association with outcome variable in initial model.
***p≤0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.
GHW, graphic health warning.