Table 1

Difference in pack prices according to characteristics of the store and the store's postcode

Factor	N	%	Price per pack ($)	Adjusted* difference in means
Factor	N	%	Price per pack ($)	$	95% CI
All	1579	100	18.01
Store-level variables
Outlet type
Supermarket	154	9.8	16.51	Ref.
General grocery store	34	2.2	17.73	1.17	0.88 to 1.45
Convenience store	323	20.5	18.08	1.36	1.15 to 1.57
Petrol/service station	237	15.0	18.09	1.58	1.31 to 1.84
Newsagent	162	10.3	17.72	1.10	0.83 to 1.37
Licensed premises and/or vending	520	32.9	18.83	2.22	1.93 to 2.50
Tobacconist	77	4.9	16.09	−0.34	−0.62 to −0.06
Other/not specified	72	4.6	17.58	1.05	0.67 to 1.43
p Value: <0.001
Legislation breach
No breaches	1234	78.2	18.09	Ref.
One or more breaches	345	21.8	17.73	−0.13	−0.39 to 0.13
p Value: 0.320
Listing with Ministry of Health
Listed	1419	89.9	18.01	Ref.
Unlisted	160	10.1	18.04	0.01	−0.25 to 0.27
p Value: 0.956
Postcode-level variables
Socioeconomic status
Lowest socioeconomic status	215	13.6	17.40	Ref.
2	291	18.4	17.86	0.41	0.09 to 0.74
3	292	18.5	18.18	0.40	0.10 to 0.70
4	493	31.2	18.19	0.36	0.07 to 0.64
Highest socioeconomic status	288	18.2	18.13	0.37	0.07 to 0.67
p Value: 0.027, p-trend: 0.147
% less than 18 years
0 to <16	322	20.4	18.44	Ref.
16 to <22	536	33.9	18.05	−0.24	−0.53 to 0.05
22 to <25	358	22.7	17.88	−0.45	−0.88 to −0.03
25+	363	23.0	17.71	−0.62	−0.92 to −0.32
p Value: <0.001, p-trend: <0.001
% born in Australia
0 to <60	542	34.3	18.01	Ref.
60 to <70	236	14.9	18.03	0.38	0.08 to 0.67
70 to <90	546	34.6	18.04	0.20	−0.07 to 0.48
90+	255	16.1	17.93	0.32	−0.06 to 0.69
p Value: 0.055, p-trend: 0.079
Remoteness
Major cities of Australia	1174	74.4	18.08	Ref.
Inner regional Australia	289	18.3	17.80	−0.13	−0.47 to 0.20
Outer regional and remote Australia	116	7.3	17.87	−0.16	−0.47 to 0.15
p Value: 0.560

*Adjusted for outlet type, remoteness of postcode, socioeconomic status of postcode, % of postcode population less than 18 years, % of postcode born in Australia, legislation breach and listing with Ministry of Health.