Marginal own-price effects: full sample and by subgroup
| Tier 1 | Tier 2 | Tier 3 | Tier 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full Sample | −1.445*** | −3.268*** | −4.484*** | −2.665*** |
| (0.023) | (0.029) | (0.017) | (0.030) | |
| [−10.33] | [−11.39] | [−10.04] | [−21.08] | |
| Subgroup analysis | ||||
| Low-income smokers | −1.308*** | −3.203*** | −5.648*** | −3.733*** |
| (Income <¥3000) | (0.023) | (0.041) | (0.021) | (0.041) |
| [−13.52] | [−13.90] | [−11.11] | [−22.68] | |
| High-income smokers | −1.141*** | −1.862*** | −1.601*** | −0.753*** |
| (Income ≥¥3000) | (0.020) | (0.014) | (0.016) | (0.015) |
| [−5.37] | [−4.87] | [−4.66] | [−12.12] | |
| Z-score of between-group difference | 5.48 | 30.95 | 153.29 | 68.26 |
| p>|z| | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Less educated smokers | −1.374*** | −3.994*** | −7.171*** | −4.872*** |
| (Less than high school) | (0.034) | (0.067) | (0.032) | (0.065) |
| [−15.62] | [−17.08] | [−14.27] | [−27.73] | |
| More educated smokers | −1.353*** | −2.713*** | −2.967*** | −1.520*** |
| (At least some high school) | (0.029) | (0.027) | (0.024) | (0.027) |
| [−7.17] | [−8.05] | [−7.53] | [−19.01] | |
| Z-score of between-group difference | 0.470 | 17.73 | 105.1 | 47.62 |
| p>|z| | 0.64 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Note: Each row of coefficients comes from a separate regression. Average marginal own-price effects and SEs are reported as percentage points. Bootstrapped SEs derived from 1000 repetitions are in parentheses. The percentage change in the share of smokers choosing Tier k is in square brackets; this is derived from the own-price effect and the percentage of observations in Tier k at baseline.
Significance: *p<0.10, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01.