Association between number of cessation attempts or nicotine dependence and happiness among current smokers assessed by ordered probit regression analysis†
| Number of cessation attempts | Nicotine dependence‡ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | n=1563 | ref. | 0–2 | n=904 | ref. |
| 1 | n=804 | 0.0205 | 3–4 | n=1359 | −0.0319 |
| (0.0440) | (0.0431) | ||||
| 2 | n=654 | −0.0126 | 5 | n=763 | −0.0830 |
| (0.0475) | (0.0504) | ||||
| >3 | n=1434 | 0.0724 | 6–7 | n=1171 | −0.1172* |
| (0.0392) | (0.0465) | ||||
| 8–10 | n=410 | −0.2038** | |||
| (0.0684) | |||||
Data are presented as coefficients with SEs.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01.
†Happiness was assessed by the question “Taking all things together, how would you say things are these days—would you say you are?” with answers provided on a 10-point scale that ranged from ‘very unhappy’ (scored 1) to very happy (scored 10). Models are adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, wealth, self-rated health, location, heavy episodic drinking and country.
‡Nicotine dependence was assessed with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence with the following categories: 0–2 (very low), 3–4 (low), 5 (medium), 6–7 (high) and 8–10 (very high).