Table 2

Mainstream smoke analysis

	Tobacco*	Product A (Zero-zero)*		Product B (Soex)*		Product C (Hydro)*
Repeated runs (N)	5	6		5		5
Toxicant emissions (per waterpipe)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	p Value†	Mean (SD)	p Value†	Mean (SD)	p Value†
Carbon monoxide, (mg)	197 (13.1)	286 (42)	0.001	237 (42)	0.08	269 (17)	<0.001
Nitric oxide, (mg)	0.28 (0.04)	0.35 (0.03)	0.006	0.32 (0.02)	0.002	0.35 (0.06)	0.03
Tar, (mg)	909 (195)	1080 (238)	0.2	1260 (233)	0.03	2350 (324)	<0.001
Volatile Aldehydes, (μg)
Formaldehyde	36.0 (6.25)	41 (14)	0.5	66.0 (9.68)	0.0004	111 (29)	<0.001
Acetaldehyde	492 (88)	604 (159)	0.2	348 (70)	0.02	933 (239)	0.04
Acrolein	ND	ND		26.7 (27)	0.06	203 (182)	0.04
Propionaldehyde	92.9 (16.7)	105 (35)	0.5	59 (11.7)	0.006	181 (65)	0.02
Methacrolein	19.9 (2.63)	20 (6)	1	22.92 (4.6)	0.4	25 (6)	0.1
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, (ng)
Naphtalene	230 (64)	266 (101)	0.5	176 (15)	0.1	269 (60)	0.3
Acenaphtylene	74 (13)	66 (14)	0.8	44 (8)	0.002	62 (15)	0.2
Acenaphtene	ND	ND		ND		ND
Phenanthrene	1185 (246)	1445 (364)	0.2	660 (148)	0.004	1275 (266)	0.6
Anthracene	234 (44)	243 (59)	0.8	144 (30)	0.005	253 (56)	0.6
Fluoranthene	639 (118)	796 (202)	0.2	496 (110)	0.08	891 (248)	0.07
Pyrene	564 (103)	719 (193)	0.1	471 (118)	0.2	854 (211)	0.02
Benzo[a]anthracene	130 (27)	183 (56)	0.09	144 (27)	0.4	293 (84)	0.003
Chrysene	135 (24)	210 (57)	0.02	161 (28)	0.1	279 (59)	0.001
Benzo[k+b]fluoranthene	72 (10)	92 (23)	0.1	71 (15)	0.9	145 (25)	<0.001
Benzo[a]pyrene	96 (21)	95 (20)	0.9	86 (18)	0.4	140 (30)	0.03
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene	57 (10)	64 (15)	0.4	50 (12)	0.3	88 (12)	0.002
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene	69 (9)	84 (20)	0.2	66 (15)	0.7	107 (11)	<0.001