Table 3

Unadjusted and adjusted percentages, ORs and 95% CIs from logistic regression models predicting health warning effectiveness outcomes*

VariableComparing phases—unadjusted modelsComparing phases—adjusted models†PP year 1 trend—adjusted models
Per centOR (95% CI)p ValuePer centOR (95% CI)p ValueFormORp Value
Notices GHW first when looking at pack‡ (n=7007)
 Pre-PP34.41.0034.01.00
 Transition44.91.55 (1.29 to 1.88)<0.00144.91.60 (1.32 to 1.95)<0.001
 PP year 167.53.96 (3.51 to 4.48)<0.00167.74.26 (3.74 to 4.85)<0.001Linear1.000.844
Does not believe dangers of smoking are exaggerated‡ (n=7163)
 Pre-PP65.61.0065.11.00
 Transition65.71.00 (0.83 to 1.22)0.96965.71.03 (0.84 to 1.25)0.788
 PP year 163.80.92 (0.82 to 1.04)0.19464.00.96 (0.84 to 1.08)0.470Linear1.250.028
 Quad0.990.021
Attributes much more motivation to quit to GHWs‡ (n=7123)
 Pre-PP9.41.009.31.00
 Transition11.81.28 (0.96 to 1.72)0.09711.61.29 (0.95 to 1.75)0.101
 PP year 113.31.47 (1.21 to 1.77)<0.00113.41.52 (1.25 to 1.86)<0.001Linear0.960.013
Concealed pack in past month‡ (n=7096)
 Pre-PP17.31.0017.11.00
 Transition19.01.12 (0.89 to 1.42)0.32519.11.15 (0.90 to 1.46)0.252
 PP year 123.11.44 (1.24 to 1.66)<0.00123.11.47 (1.26 to 1.71)<0.001Linear0.990.533
Requested different GHW in past month‡ (n=7126)
 Pre-PP3.91.003.91.00
 Transition8.22.19 (1.47 to 3.28)<0.0018.52.28 (1.52 to 3.44)<0.001
 PP year 19.22.48 (1.90 to 3.24)<0.0019.12.49 (1.89 to 3.29)<0.001Linear0.990.756
  • Bold text indicates significant findings at p<0.05.

  • *Valid n's for each model vary because of the number of missing cases for each outcome. Missing cases ranged from 2.2% to 4.3%.

  • †Multivariate models adjusted for age, gender, educational attainment, SES, Heaviness of Smoking Index, past 3-month Target Audience Rating Points for antismoking mass media campaigns and change in cigarette costliness.

  • ‡Items were asked of all cigarette smokers.

  • GHW, graphic health warning; PP, plain packaging; SES, socioeconomic status.