Table 2

Conditional cigarette consumption price elasticities among smokers (whole sample)

Ln(cigarettes)	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7
Ln(price)	−0.126***	−0.141***	−0.118***	−0.127***	−0.141***	−0.127***	−0.119***
Ln(price)	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.019)
Ln(price) and low-income interaction				0.181*	0.177*
Ln(price) and low-income interaction				(0.081)	(0.081)
Ln(price) and medium-income interaction				−0.058	−0.066
Ln(price) and medium-income interaction				(0.054)	(0.054)
Ln(price) and missing-income interaction				0.126	0.093
Ln(price) and missing-income interaction				(0.107)	(0.104)
Ln(price) and less than high school interaction						−0.029	−0.033
Ln(price) and less than high school interaction						(0.121)	(0.121)
Ln(price) and high school interaction						0.023	0.027
Ln(price) and high school interaction						(0.046)	(0.046)
Female	−0.458***	−0.449***	−0.458***	−0.458***	−0.449***	−0.459***	−0.459***
Female	(0.049)	(0.049)	(0.049)	(0.049)	(0.049)	(0.049)	(0.049)
Male (reference category)
Aged 18–24	−0.399***	−0.415***	−0.395***	−0.396***	−0.413***	−0.399***	−0.396***
Aged 18–24	(0.093)	(0.091)	(0.093)	(0.092)	(0.090)	(0.093)	(0.093)
Aged 25–39	−0.092**	−0.108**	−0.091**	−0.090**	−0.107**	−0.091**	−0.091**
Aged 25–39	(0.033)	(0.033)	(0.033)	(0.033)	(0.033)	(0.033)	(0.033)
Aged 40–54	0.049	0.046	0.044	0.047	0.045	0.049	0.045
Aged 40–54	(0.026)	(0.026)	(0.026)	(0.026)	(0.026)	(0.026)	(0.026)
Aged 55+ (reference category)
Divorced/widowed dummy	0.031	0.033	0.016	0.031	0.033	0.030	0.016
Divorced/widowed dummy	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.037)
Single dummy	−0.081	−0.089*	−0.090*	−0.083	−0.092*	−0.081	−0.090*
Single dummy	(0.045)	(0.044)	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.044)	(0.045)	(0.045)
Married dummy (reference category)
Low-income dummy	−0.088**	−0.067*		−0.411*	−0.382*	−0.088**
Low-income dummy	(0.033)	(0.032)		(0.160)	(0.159)	(0.033)
Medium-income dummy	−0.052*	−0.036		0.054	0.085	−0.052*
Medium-income dummy	(0.024)	(0.024)		(0.108)	(0.108)	(0.024)
Missing-income dummy	−0.057	−0.047		−0.292	−0.221	−0.056
Missing-income dummy	(0.037)	(0.037)		(0.210)	(0.204)	(0.037)
High-income dummy (reference category)
Less than high school dummy	0.134***		0.115**	0.135***		0.185	0.173
Less than high school dummy	(0.041)		(0.040)	(0.041)		(0.219)	(0.219)
High school dummy	0.111***		0.098***	0.112***		0.068	0.046
High school dummy	(0.027)		(0.026)	(0.027)		(0.094)	(0.094)
College dummy (reference category)
Unemployed dummy	0.060*	0.071**	0.043	0.061*	0.072**	0.061*	0.044
Unemployed dummy	(0.026)	(0.027)	(0.025)	(0.026)	(0.027)	(0.026)	(0.025)
Retired dummy	−0.124***	−0.120***	−0.125***	−0.125***	−0.120***	−0.124***	−0.125***
Retired dummy	(0.027)	(0.027)	(0.027)	(0.027)	(0.026)	(0.027)	(0.027)
Employ dummy (reference category)
Constant	2.739***	2.837***	2.708***	2.740***	2.836***	2.742***	2.713***
Constant	(0.050)	(0.045)	(0.051)	(0.051)	(0.046)	(0.052)	(0.052)
Observations	13 748	13 785	13 748	13 748	13 785	13 748	13 748

SE in parentheses; interview wave and city dummies are not shown in the table.
*p<0.10, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01.