Table 1

Number of cigarettes smoked per day by patients

	n	Mean	SD	p Value	p Value*
All
Before admission	397	23.8	14.8	<0.001†	–
During hospitalisation	397	16.2	11.0
Sex
Before admission‡
Male	237	24.8	14.5	0.028§	0.046
Female	148	21.4	14.0
During hospitalisation‡
Male	244	17.0	11.1	0.055§	0.043
Female	147	14.7	9.6
Age (before admission)‡
18–34	107	19.4	11.4	0.007¶	0.172
35–49	199	26.0	15.0
50–64	80	23.9	15.5
>65	6	15.2	8.0
Age (during hospitalisation)**
18–34	108	15.8	7.7	0.117¶	0.182
35–49	201	17.1	11.9
50–64	84	14.6	10.0
>65	6	10.5	15.7
Characteristics of the unit
Outdoor areas**
Yes	293	17.4	10.9	0.001§	0.071
No	112	13.4	10.2
Established smoking breaks**^,†
Yes	164	14.6	7.4	<0.001§	<0.001
No	214	19.4	12.0

*p Value adjusted for clustering within mental health units by means generalised least squares multiple linear regression with random effects.
†Wilcoxon test for paired samples.
‡The figures do not sum up the total because of some missing values.
§Independent samples Mann-Whitney U test.
¶Kruskal-Wallis test.
**No differences found before admission.