‘Herbal’ products content analysis
| Product A (Zero-zero) | Product B (Soex) | Product C (Hydro) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Product constituent | Average (SD) | (95% CI) | Average (SD) | (95% CI) | Average (SD) | (95% CI) |
| Toxic trace metals (ng/g) | ||||||
| Cadmium | BDL | N/A | BDL | N/A | BDL | N/A |
| Lead (2B)* | BDL | N/A | NQ | N/A | 438 (8) | 418–458 |
| Chromium (1)* | 160 (28) | 91.9 to 229 | 401 (13) | 367 to 434 | 2190 (517) | 906 to 3475 |
| Nickel (1,2B)* | 150 (10) | 126 to 174 | 158 (9) | 136 to 181 | 626 (33) | 544 to 708 |
| Arsenic (1)* | NQ | N/A | NQ | N/A | 281 (27) | 214–349 |
| Selenium | BDL | N/A | BDL | N/A | BDL | N/A |
| Mercury | BDL | N/A | BDL | N/A | BDL | N/A |
| Nicotine (mg/g) | ||||||
| Nicotine | BDL | N/A | BDL | N/A | BDL | N/A |
| Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs (ng/g) | ||||||
| Naphthalene (2B) | 32.2 (10.0) | 7.32 to 57.1 | 23.9 (4.5) | 12.7 to 35.0 | 14.5 (3.9) | 4.73 to 24.2 |
| 1-methylnaphthalene | 36.9 (8.4) | 16.0 to 57.9 | 27.7 (1.9) | 22.9 to 32.5 | 11.3 (3.2) | 3.38 to 19.1 |
| 2-methylnaphthalene | 16.9 (3.0) | 9.54 to 24.3 | 19.2 (2.7) | 12.4 to 25.9 | 7.48 (2.23) | 1.95 to 13.0 |
| Acenaphthylene | 1.21 (0.10) | 0.95 to 1.47 | 0.59 (0.22) | 0.05 to 1.13 | 2.82 (0.76) | 0.927 to 4.72 |
| Acenaphthene | 0.76 (0.22) | 0.22 to 1.29 | 1.23 (0.42) | 0.19 to 2.26 | NQ | N/A |
| Fluorene | 3.29 (0.26) | 2.65 to 3.93 | 2.79 (1.26) | 0.00 to 5.92 | 4.95 (1.25) | 1.85 to 8.05 |
| Phenanthrene | 3.78 (0.91) | 1.53 to 6.03 | 13.7 (2.5) | 7.40 to 19.9 | 20.1 (2.8) | 13.1 to 27.0 |
| Anthracene | 0.58 (0.09) | 0.35 to 0.81 | 0.34 (0.14) | 0.00 to 0.68 | 1.41 (0.19) | 0.943 to 1.87 |
| Fluoranthene | 4.87 (1.11) | 2.11 to 7.63 | 3.07 (0.45) | 1.94 to 4.20 | 20.1 (1.8) | 15.6 to 24.6 |
| Pyrene | 3.88 (0.71) | 2.11 to 5.65 | 4.35 (0.27) | 3.69 to 5.00 | 17.9 (0.9) | 15.6 to 20.2 |
| Benzo(a)anthracene(2B) | 0.38 (0.09) | 0.16 to 0.61 | 1.28 (0.20) | 0.79 to 1.78 | 5.68 (0.43) | 4.61 to 6.75 |
| Chrysene(2B) | 1.03 (0.18) | 0.57 to 1.49 | 7.12 (0.35) | 6.24 to 8.00 | 11.1 (0.7) | 9.25 to 12.9 |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene(2B) | NQ | N/A | 1.07 (0.20) | 0.59 to 1.56 | 9.85 (0.56) | 8.45 to 11.3 |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene(2B) | NQ | N/A | NQ | N/A | 4.41 (0.07) | 4.22 to 4.59 |
| Benzo(j)fluoranthene(2B) | NQ | N/A | NQ | N/A | 4.54 (0.16) | 4.15 to 4.92 |
| Benzo(e)pyrene | 0.29 (0.15) | 0.00 to 0.65 | 1.63 (0.14) | 1.28 to 1.98 | 7.25 (0.41) | 6.24 to 8.25 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene(1) | NQ | N/A | 0.53 (0.15) | 0.16 to 0.91 | 6.33 (0.69) | 4.63 to 8.03 |
| Perylene | BDL | N/A | NQ | N/A | 1.53 (0.22) | 0.995 to 2.08 |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene(2B) | NQ | N/A | NQ | N/A | 6.26 (0.38) | 5.32 to 7.19 |
| Dibenz(a,h)anthracene(2A) | BDL | N/A | BDL | N/A | 0.71 (0.07) | 0.54 to 0.88 |
| Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | NQ | N/A | 0.49 (0.20) | 0.001 to 0.99 | 8.23 (0.74) | 6.38 to 10.1 |
| pH | ||||||
| pH | 5.96 (0.00) | 5.95 to 5.97 | 3.64 (0.00) | 3.63 to 3.65 | 5.10 (0.01) | 5.07 to 5.14 |
| Moisture (%) | ||||||
| Dry matter | 76.0 (0.2) | 75.5 to 76.6 | 69.3 (0.8) | 67.4 to 71.3 | 80.9 (0.1) | 80.5 to 81.2 |
| Moisture | 24.0 (0.2) | 23.4 to 24.5 | 30.7 (0.8) | 28.7 to 32.6 | 19.1 (0.1) | 18.8 to 19.5 |
*IARC classified: Group 1, carnicognic to humans; Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans; Group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans.
BDL, below the limit of detection; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; N/A, not applicable; NQ, below the limit of quantification; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.