Estimation results for the cigarette demand equation
| Two-step estimation | Simple ordinary least squares | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | SEs | Coefficient | SEs | |
| Age | 0.058*** | (0.005) | 0.05*** | (0.003) |
| Age squared | −0.001*** | (0.000) | −0.001*** | (0.000) |
| Female | −1.042*** | (0.240) | −0.491*** | (0.02) |
| Rural area | 0.080*** | (0.020) | 0.041*** | (0.014) |
| Single | 0.091*** | (0.025) | 0.049*** | (0.019) |
| Divorced | 0.317*** | (0.094) | 0.097*** | (0.03) |
| Widowed | 0.468*** | (0.086) | 0.255*** | (0.032) |
| Elementary school | 0.029 | (0.022) | 0.007 | (0.02) |
| Middle school | −0.054* | (0.028) | −0.007 | (0.018) |
| College | −0.126*** | (0.024) | −0.077*** | (0.015) |
| No jobs | −0.110*** | (0.028) | −0.069*** | (0.022) |
| White-collar | −0.018 | (0.026) | −0.026 | (0.023) |
| Service and sales | 0.145*** | (0.036) | 0.099*** | (0.022) |
| Agriculture and fisheries | −0.011 | (0.032) | 0.006 | (0.029) |
| Construction | 0.102*** | (0.032) | 0.066*** | (0.021) |
| Duration of smoking | 0.016*** | (0.001) | 0.014*** | (0.001) |
| Log price | −0.425*** | (0.072) | −0.26*** | (0.027) |
| Log income | −0.015** | (0.007) | −0.013* | (0.007) |
| Constant | 4.273*** | (0.362) | 3.461*** | (0.208) |
| Inverse Mills ratio | 0.401** | (0.193) | ||
Robust SEs are presented in parenthesis, using the Huber/White/Sandwich estimator.
*<0.1, **<0.05, ***<0.001.
The excluded categories for sex is male, for rural area is urban, for marital status is married, for education is high school, for occupation is professionals and managers.