Sample characteristics at the baseline survey and time in sample at both surveys by country (weighted data)
| France (n=1540) | UK (n=1643) | Germany (n=1515) | The Netherlands (n=1668) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | χ2=18.78 | ||||
| Female (%) | 45.3 | 49.9 | 42.3 | 45.7 | p<0.001 |
| Male (%) | 54.7 | 50.1 | 57.7 | 54.3 | |
| Age group | χ2=81.60 | ||||
| 18–24 years (%) | 17.7 | 13.2 | 13.7 | 11.5 | p<0.001 |
| 25–39 years (%) | 34.7 | 34.3 | 31.0 | 29.3 | |
| 40–54 years (%) | 32.7 | 30.9 | 36.1 | 34.8 | |
| 55 years and older (%) | 14.8 | 21.7 | 19.1 | 24.5 | |
| Educational level | χ2=507.08 | ||||
| Low (%) | 44.4 | 55.0 | 22.6 | 37.9 | p<0.001 |
| Moderate (%) | 36.9 | 28.6 | 36.9 | 42.7 | |
| High (%) | 18.6 | 16.4 | 40.5 | 19.3 | |
| Smokes exclusively rolling tobacco | χ2=274.56 | ||||
| Yes, exclusively rolling tobacco (%) | 13.1 | 26.4 | 12.7 | 32.4 | p<0.001 |
| No, manufactured cigarettes or both (%) | 86.9 | 73.6 | 87.3 | 67.6 | |
| Heaviness of smoking* | χ2=230.75 | ||||
| 0–1 | 45.5 | 23.2 | 39.3 | 27.9 | p<0.001 |
| 2–4 | 50.6 | 68.5 | 55.2 | 65.1 | |
| 5–6 | 3.9 | 8.3 | 5.4 | 7.0 | |
| Intention to quit | χ2=29.08 | ||||
| Within 6 months (%) | 29.9 | 27.0 | 25.5 | 21.8 | p<0.001 |
| Not within 6 months (%) | 70.1 | 73.0 | 74.5 | 78.2 | |
| Number of waves participated (time in sample) | F=861.43 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.4 (0.7) | 4.2 (2.2) | 2.0 (0.8) | 3.5 (1.2) | p<0.001 |
| Range | 1–3 | 1–8 | 1–3 | 1–5 |
*Heaviness of smoking Index (HSI) is used as a continuous variable in the GEE analyses; HSI values ranged from 0 to 6 with higher values indicating stronger nicotine dependence.