Age and sex adjusted prevalence (%) of e-cigarette ever use and ORs and the 95% CI for e-cigarette use by tobacco-related and socioeconomic factors, among adolescents aged 14–18 years
| Characteristics | Ever use of e-cigarettes, % | Model 1* OR (95% CI) | Model 2† OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco-related factors | |||
| Smoking status | |||
| Never (n=1604) | 3.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Experimenter (n=994) | 32.9 | 14.17 (10.35 to 19.41) | 8.09 (5.56 to 11.78) |
| Daily smoker (n=350) | 81.1 | 120.86 (81.72 to 178.74) | 41.35 (25.22 to 67.79) |
| Snus use | |||
| Never (n=2373) | 11.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Ever (n=586) | 63.0 | 12.05 (9.69 to 14.98) | 2.96 (2.18 to 4.00) |
| Waterpipe use | |||
| Never (n=2402) | 15.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Ever (n=531) | 56.0 | 6.54 (5.27 to 8.12) | 2.21 (1.62 to 3.02) |
| Parents’ smoking | |||
| Neither of them smokes (n=1974) | 18.6 | 1.00 | NS |
| Only mother smokes (n=180) | 31.4 | 2.23 (1.58 to 3.16) | |
| Only father smokes (n=381) | 28.4 | 1.84 (1.42 to 2.38) | |
| Both of them smoke (n=237) | 33.2 | 2.69 (1.99 to 3.62) | |
| Has seen e-cigarette advertisement | |||
| No (n=2542) | 22.0 | 1.00 | NS |
| Yes (n=335) | 30.5 | 1.54 (1.19 to 1.99) | |
| Statement ‘Smoking is for losers’ | |||
| Agree (n=1841) | 17.2 | 1.00 | NS |
| Hard to say (n=679) | 30.4 | 2.14 (1.74 to 2.64) | |
| Disagree (n=374) | 36.5 | 2.72 (2.12 to 3.50) | |
| Socioeconomic background | |||
| School | |||
| General upper secondary (n=1165) | 18.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Comprehensive (n=1077) | 19.5 | 1.38 (0.77 to 2.46) | 1.36 (0.98 to 1.89) |
| Vocational upper secondary (n=520) | 51.3 | 3.29 (2.60 to 4.17) | 2.06 (1.43 to 2.97) |
| Combined general and vocational upper secondary/other schools (n=116) | 25.4 | 1.98 (1.28 to 3.05) | 1.31 (0.69 to 2.48) |
| Not in school (n=66) | 46.9 | 2.18 (1.26 to 3.76) | 1.40 (0.16 to 12.38) |
| School performance | |||
| Much or slightly better (n=1431) | 16.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| About class average (n=1132) | 25.1 | 1.78 (1.45 to 2.17) | 1.27 (0.95 to 1.69) |
| Slightly or much poorer (n=319) | 41.7 | 3.89 (2.96 to 5.12) | 1.92 (1.28 to 2.90) |
| Family structure | |||
| Intact family (n=2308) | 20.4 | 1.00 | NS |
| Other family type (n=650) | 29.6 | 1.73 (1.41 to 2.11) | |
| Parents’ educational level | |||
| High (n=1009) | 16.7 | 1.00 | NS |
| Middle (n=1667) | 26.0 | 1.78 (1.45 to 2.19) | |
| Low (n=64) | 24.7 | 1.74 (0.96 to 3.18) | |
| Father's work situation | |||
| Working (n=2446) | 21.5 | 1.00 | NS |
| Not working (n=357) | 27.5 | 1.42 (1.09 to 1.83) | |
| Mother's work situation | |||
| Working (n=2570) | 22.0 | 1.00 | NS |
| Not working (n=310) | 28.6 | 1.58 (1.21 to 2.07) | |
*Model 1: logistic regression, adjusted for age and sex.
†Model 2: stepwise forward logistic regression; includes all variables in model 1. Note: OR is given in boldface when it indicates a statistically significant (p<0.005) difference from the odds of the reference category.
NS, non-significant.