Conditional cigarette consumption price elasticities among smokers by education groups
| High-education subgroup | Medium-education subgroup (high school) | Low-education subgroup (less than high school) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ln(price) | −0.113** | −0.107*** | −0.143* |
| (−0.182 to −0.045) | (−0.155 to −0.059) | (−0.257 to −0.030) | |
| Female | −0.375** | −0.550*** | −0.352*** |
| (−0.617 to −0.133) | (−0.676 to −0.424) | (−0.515 to −0.189) | |
| Male (reference category) | |||
| Aged 18–24 | −0.414** | −0.444*** | −0.243* |
| (−0.669 to −0.160) | (−0.683 to −0.205) | (−0.468 to −0.017) | |
| Aged 25–39 | −0.178** | −0.058 | −0.005 |
| (−0.310 to −0.046) | (−0.134 to 0.017) | (−0.245 to 0.236) | |
| Aged 40–54 | 0.0171 | 0.058 | 0.003 |
| (−0.104 to 0.138) | (−0.003 to 0.118) | (−0.144 to 0.149) | |
| Aged 55+ (reference category) | |||
| Divorce/widowed dummy | 0.139 | 0.016 | −0.007 |
| (−0.050 to 0.329) | (−0.067 to 0.099) | (−0.161 to 0.147) | |
| Single dummy | −0.142* | −0.024 | −0.177 |
| (−0.274 to −0.011) | (−0.131 to 0.084) | (−0.648 to 0.294) | |
| Married dummy (reference category) | |||
| Low-income dummy | −0.132 | −0.065 | −0.110 |
| (−0.374 to 0.110) | (−0.142 to 0.013) | (−0.242 to 0.021) | |
| Medium-income dummy | −0.136* | −0.039 | −0.071 |
| (−0.252 to −0.021) | (−0.097 to 0.019) | (−0.186 to 0.045) | |
| Missing-income dummy | −0.041 | −0.062 | −0.026 |
| (−0.209 to 0.127) | (−0.143 to 0.020) | (−0.182 to 0.129) | |
| High-income dummy (reference category) | |||
| Unemployed dummy | 0.173* | 0.045 | 0.050 |
| (0.026 to 0.320) | (−0.011 to 0.101) | (−0.091 to 0.191) | |
| Retired dummy | −0.130 | −0.114*** | −0.137* |
| (−0.278 to 0.019) | (−0.181 to −0.047) | (−0.251 to −0.023) | |
| Employed dummy | |||
| Constant | 2.736*** | 2.823*** | 2.932*** |
| (2.530 to 2.941) | (2.719 to 2.927) | (2.686 to 3.178) | |
| Observations | 3070 | 9060 | 1618 |
95% CI in parentheses; interview wave and city dummies are not shown in the table.
*p<0.10.