Model 2: Impact of country-specific differences in cigarette MPPC price relative to bordering countries* on cross-border tobacco purchasing because of cheaper price among current cigarette smokers in 27 EU MS (n=6896)
| Characteristics | aOR (95% CI)† |
|---|---|
| MPPC price difference between each MS and its lowest price neighbor* (per unit increase) | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.22)‡ |
| Per capita GDP (per €1000 increase) | 1.07 (1.06 to 1.07)‡ |
| Gender | |
| Male (referent) | |
| Female | 0.98 (0.77 to 1.25) |
| Self-reported difficulty in paying bills | |
| Most of the time (referent) | |
| Occasionally | 1.12 (0.76 to 1.64) |
| Never | 1.06 (0.73 to 1.52) |
| Unspecified | 0.53 (0.19 to 1.47) |
| Residence | |
| Small or large town (referent) | |
| Rural | 0.94 (0.72 to 1.24) |
| Age | |
| 15–24 (referent) | |
| 25–39 | 1.82 (1.13 to 2.92)‡ |
| 40–54 | 1.94 (1.19 to 3.16)‡ |
| ≥55 | 2.28 (1.40 to 3.74)‡ |
| Education (age at stopping regular schooling, years) | |
| ≤15 years or no education (referent) | |
| 16–19 | 1.65 (1.13 to 2.41)‡ |
| ≥20 years | 1.84 (1.21 to 2.80)‡ |
| Currently studying | 2.00 (0.98 to 4.07) |
| Unspecified | 1.83 (0.69 to 4.82) |
The denominator for all analyses presented in the table was all current cigarette smokers (n=6896).
*Country-specific differentials in cigarette prices were computed as the difference in MPPC price between each country and its lowest price land or maritime boundary neighbour (whether that was an EU or non-EU country).
†Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for all factors listed in table.
‡Statistically significant aOR.
aOR, adjusted OR; EU, European Union; GDP, Gross Domestic Product; MPPC, most popular price category; MS, Member States.