Association between individual smoker characteristics and brand loyalty: OR (95% CI)
| Same brand (any length) | Same brand (>1 year) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FM-only (N=407) | FM+RYO (N=103) | FM-only (N=406) | FM+RYO (N=101) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male (reference) | – | – | – | |
| Female | 2.00 (0.48 to 8.34) | 3.50 (0.17 to 72.70) | 0.87 (0.31 to 2.49) | 6.05 (0.18 to 207.88) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 15–17 | 0.83 (0.23 to 2.93) | – | 0.32 (0.11 to 0.92)* | – |
| 18–24 | 1.23 (0.50 to 3.03) | 5.70 (0.63 to 51.58) | 0.85 (0.39 to 1.89) | 2.09 (0.25 to 17.32) |
| 25–39 | 0.85 (0.39 to 1.86) | 1.77 (0.46 to 6.92) | 0.83 (0.41 to 1.70) | 1.22 (0.30 to 5.03) |
| 40–54 (reference) | – | – | – | – |
| ≥55 | 0.56 (0.16 to 1.93) | 2.18 (0.15 to 32.00) | 0.73 (0.22 to 2.44) | 1.87 (0.17 to 20.31) |
| Income | ||||
| Low (reference) | – | – | – | – |
| Moderate | 0.78 (0.38 to 1.61) | 6.03 (0.89 to 40.93) | 0.51 (0.22 to 0.68)** | 4.90 (0.73 to 32.90) |
| High | 1.28 (0.67 to 2.43) | 1.59 (0.52 to 4.87) | 0.62 (0.43 to 1.77) | 1.65 (0.48 to 5.69) |
| Education | ||||
| Illiterate or < primary (reference) | – | – | – | – |
| Some/completed primary | 0.91 (0.42 to 1.95) | 0.44 (0.07 to 2.79) | 0.43 (0.10 to 2.48) | 0.33 (0.04 to 2.60) |
| Secondary or higher | – | 1.54 (0.25 to 9.42) | 0.53 (0.12 to 3.07) | 1.12 (0.12 to 10.16) |
| Heaviness of Smoking Index | ||||
| 0 (reference) | – | – | – | – |
| 1–6 | 0.81 (0.44 to 1.49) | 0.12 (0.33 to 3.74) | 1.55 (0.84 to 2.88) | 2.71 (0.78 to 9.39) |
| Price | ||||
| ZMW<0.50 (reference) | – | – | – | – |
| ZMW=0.50 | 0.22 (0.10 to 0.53)*** | 0.45 (0.10 to 2.14) | 0.29 (0.11 to 0.74)** | 0.45 (0.08 to 2.43) |
| ZMW>0.50 | 0.97 (0.08 to 11.02) | 0.41 (0.05 to 3.47) | 1.01 (0.08 to 13.22) | 0.08 (0.00 to 1.15) |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
FM, factory-made; RYO, roll-your-own; ZMW, Zambia Kwacha.