Table 3

Unadjusted prevalence rates (%) of selected nicotine-dependent characteristics in cigarette smokers, by gender and age-group, Brazil, 2008 and 2013

Nicotine-dependent characteristics	Age-group						p Value for additive interaction†
	18–24 years			Twenty five or more years
	2008	2013	p Value*	2008	2013	p Value*
Male
Prevalence of smokers	18.9	15.4	0.02	23.7	19.3	<0.01	0.55
Current smokers
Quitting attempt in the past 12 months	42.8	44.9	0.68	38.1	43.4	<0.01	0.57
Daily smokers	78.3	74.4	0.34	89.7	87.8	0.06	0.64
Current daily smokers
Recent daily smoker	64.0	47.0	<0.01	2.8	2.1	0.19	<0.01
Years of daily smoking‡	4.7	5.6	<0.01	28.5	30.0	<0.01	0.30
Heavy smokers§	15.1	17.0	0.62	21.1	20.5	0.73	0.56
Passive smoking inside household§
Among heavy smokers	74.3	89.9	0.05	74.2	78.8	0.14	0.20
Among light smokers	62.0	63.7	0.78	65.7	56.9	<0.01	0.11
Ever smokers
Cessation rate¶	24.8	32.6	0.02	52.9	55.1	0.06	0.04
Female
Prevalence of smokers	8.2	5.8	0.01	14.8	11.7	<0.01	0.44
Current smokers
Quitting attempt in the past 12 months	44.0	54.1	0.15	45.2	52.9	<0.01	0.74
Daily smokers	78.3	83.9	0.27	88.9	88.7	0.87	0.24
Current daily smokers
Recent daily smoker	64.2	54.0	0.19	4.6	2.1	<0.01	0.32
Years of daily smoking‡	4.9	5.8	0.11	26.7	30.8	<0.01	<0.01
Heavy smokers§	7.3	15.7	0.08	18.1	17.5	0.71	0.08
Passive smoking inside household§
Among heavy smokers	86.8	100.0	0.11	82.6	77.7	0.23	0.11
Among light smokers	71.4	73.5	0.77	69.1	61.5	<0.01	0.20
Ever smokers
Cessation rate¶	40.8	39.8	0.83	54.7	57.2	0.05	0.47

*Corresponds to p value for χ² test for differences in prevalence rates between 2008 and 2013.
†Generalised linear models (GLM) using the Poisson family and Gaussian link function were specified to understand whether absolute differences in prevalence rates between 2008 and 2013 were homogeneous by age-groups.
‡GLM using the Gaussian family were specified to understand whether absolute differences in means between 2008 and 2013 were homogeneous by age-groups; p value for F test was used to assess unadjusted differences in means over time.
§Light smokers: Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) ≤3; heavy smokers: HSI ≥4.
¶Cessation rate: past daily and occasional smokers divided by the number of ever smokers.