Table 5

Results for the quadratic conditional Engel curve in 2011

Independent VariablesFoodHousingUtilitiesTransportationEntertainmentDurable and non-durableClothingHealthEducationAlcohol
Dummy variable for tobacco spending (d)0.7616*
(0.1955)		−0.7572*
(0.3650)		−1.458*
(0.1274)		2.273*
(0.3020)		0.7357*
(0.2380)		−0.9500*
(0.1628)		−0.3641*
(0.0983)		−0.1670*
(0.0750)		−0.0542
(0.0940)		0.0799*
(0.0350)
Total amount of tobacco spending (q)−0.0002
(0.0002)		−0.0022*
(0.0004)		−0.0001
(0.0001)		0.0021*
(0.0003)		0.0017*
(0.0003)		−0.0008*
(0.0001)		−0.0003*
(0.0001)		−0.0002*
(0.0001)		−0.0003*
(0.0001)		0.0002*
(0.0001)
Log of total expenditure (lnM)0.1045*
(0.0031)		0.1352*
(0.0059)		−0.1821*
(0.0067)		−0.0373*
(0.0048)		0.0291*
(0.0038)		−0.0031
(0.0026)		0.0041*
(0.0015)		0.0024*
(0.0012)		−0.0189*
(0.0015)		0.0003
(0.0005)
Square of (log) total expenditure-(lnM)2−0.0121*
(0.0003)		−0.0135*
(0.0007)		0.0105*
(0.0005)		0.0092*
(0.0006)		−0.0013*
(0.0004)		0.0018*
(0.0003)		0.0005*
(0.0001)		−0.0001
(0.0004)		0.0025*
(0.0001)		0.0001
(0.0001)
Interaction term Embedded Image−0.2004*
(0.0545)		0.2316*
(0.1017)		0.3950*
(0.0355)		−0.6456*
(0.0841)		−0.2176*
(0.0663)		0.2672*
(0.0453)		0.0955
(0.0274)		0.0464*
(0.0209)		0.0228
(0.0262)		−0.0215*
(0.0097)
Interaction term Embedded Image0.0122*
0.0033)		−0.0105*
0.0062)		−0.0275*
0.0022)		0.0410*
0.0052)		0.0117*
(0.0040)		−0.0164*
(0.0028)		−0.0056
(0.0016)		−0.0027*
(0.0012)		−0.0012
(0.0016)		0.0009
(0.0006)

  • This study focuses on the effect of tobacco expenditure on spending for other goods, so the coefficients of household characteristics are not reported. All commodity groups are considered as a dependent variable. The values if dependent variables run from 0 to 1.

  • *These results are significant at the 5% level.