Table 4

Correlates of higher smoking expectancies among secondary school students

Never-smokersCurrent smokers
B(SE)Badj(SE)B(SE)Badj(SE)
Gender (ref=male)–0.09‡(0.03)0.01(0.03)–0.09(0.09)–0.08(0.14)
Age
 12 and younger1111
 130.04(0.04)0.01(0.05)0.11(0.15)0.01(0.16)
 14 and older0.12(0.07)–0.01(0.05)–0.11(0.15)–0.17(0.15)
Parental education level (years)
 ≤71111
 8–12–0.02(0.09)–0.07(0.12)–0.17(0.19)–0.07(0.18)
 ≥12–0.11(0.09)0.15(0.08)–0.15(0.21)–0.06(0.19)
Either parents smokes0.20§(0.03)0.16§(0.03)0.04(0.09)–0.22†(0.10)
Any sibling smokes0.23‡(0.07)0.09(0.09)0.09(0.10)0.21(0.11)
Any friend smokes0.28§(0.04)0.19§(0.04)0.40(0.21)0.39(0.23)
Sensation seeking0.25§(0.01)0.21§(0.02)0.26§(0.06)0.22†(0.08)
Marketing receptivity index
 1=Not receptive1111
 2=High PoS exposure or some brand awareness0.17§(0.04)0.09(0.04)0.12(0.18)0.11(0.23)
 3=High brand awareness0.36§(0.07)0.18‡(0.06)0.12(0.20)0.08(0.25)
 4=Ownership of branded merchandise0.54§(0.07)0.34‡(0.10)0.40†(0.17)0.18(0.19)
  • †p<0.05;

  • ‡p<0.01;

  • §p<0.001.

  • PoS, point of sale.